The present disclosure relates to a metal catalyst for CH bond activation and/or CN coupling reaction, and a method using the same and application thereof. Specifically, a metal catalyst represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein
Q is a 5 or 6 membered aromatic ring;
W, X, and Y are the same or different, and are independently N, S, P, or O;
M is Ni, Pd, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pt, Ir, or Ru;
Z is halide (F, Cl, Br, or I), acetate, water, or hydroxyl;
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, and are independently alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or cycloalkyl.

The present application discloses novel PWNN and PWNWP metal catalysts for organic chemical syntheses including hydrogenation (reduction) of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, enals, enones, enolates, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, enols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for a variety of chemicals.

A method of catalytic oxidation of a lignite using oxygen as an oxidant at atmospheric pressure is provided. The method includes the following steps, pulverizing the lignite to 200-mesh or less; drying the pulverized lignite at a temperature of 80 C. in vacuum for 10 h; weighing 0.5 g of the dried lignite and sequentially adding 10 ml of acetic acid, 0.5 mmol of a catalyst and 0.15-0.25 mmol of a cocatalyst into a round-bottom flask filled with the oxygen, keeping oxygen pressure at 0.1 MPa, reacting at a temperature of 80-120 C. for 4-12 h; using oxygen as the oxidant to catalytically oxidize the reacted lignite at an atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa; filtering after the reaction is finished; decompressing the filtrate to remove the acetic acid, adding a small amount of ethyl acetate to dissolve, and using an excess CH.sub.2N.sub.2/ether solution to esterify for 10 h at room temperature; and analyzing the esterified product through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.

Disclosed is a method of catalytic oxidation of lignite using oxygen as an oxidant at atmospheric pressure, belonging to a method of mild oxidation of lignite. The method is used to mildly oxidize the lignite using the oxygen as the oxidant under the action of a nitroxide radical catalyst and a metal salt or metal oxide cocatalyst; the process comprises the following steps: pulverizing the lignite to 200 meshes or less, drying a pulverized coal sample at a temperature of 80 C. in vacuum for 10 h, weighing 0.5 g of the treated coal sample, sequentially adding 10 ml of acetic acid, 0.5 mmol of a catalyst and 0.15 to 0.25 mmol of a cocatalyst into a round-bottom flask, connecting a tee joint to an upper orifice of a condenser pipe, replacing oxygen in vacuum for three times so that the round-bottom flask is filled with the oxygen, keeping oxygen pressure at 0.1 MPa, reacting at a temperature of 80 C. to 120 C. for 4 to 12 h; filtering after the reaction is finished; decompressing a filtrate to remove the acetic acid, adding a small amount of ethyl acetate to dissolve, then using an excess CH.sub.2N.sub.2/ether solution to esterify for 10 h at room temperature, using 0.45 m filter paper to filter, and analyzing an esterified product through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The method has the advantages of using the oxygen as the oxidant, having low price, having no toxicity, and achieving environmental protection and mild conditions.

A method for manufacturing a carbon nanotube includes: a growing step of growing a carbon nanotube from a catalyst particle by supplying a carbon-containing gas to the catalyst particle in a suspended state; and a drawing step of drawing the carbon nanotube by applying a tensile force to the carbon nanotube in a suspended state.

Disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a phosphorous-based ligand and a hydroformylation process using the same. More specifically, disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a monodentate phosphite ligand, a monodentate phosphine ligand and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the total content of the entire ligand including the monodentate phosphite ligand and the monodentate phosphine ligand is 1 to 33 moles, based on 1 mole of the transition metal catalyst, and a hydroformylation method using the same. The present invention has an effect of providing a catalyst composition which reduces an N/I (ratio of normal to iso) selectivity of aldehydes produced by hydroformylation of an olefin-based compound and exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability, and a hydroformylation method of an olefin-based compound using the catalyst composition.

Disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a phosphorous-based ligand and a hydroformylation process using the same. More specifically, disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a monodentate phosphite ligand, a monodentate phosphine ligand and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the total content of the entire ligand including the monodentate phosphite ligand and the monodentate phosphine ligand is 1 to 33 moles, based on 1 mole of the transition metal catalyst, and a hydroformylation method using the same.

The present invention has an effect of providing a catalyst composition which reduces an N/I (ratio of normal to iso) selectivity of aldehydes produced by hydroformylation of an olefin-based compound and exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability, and a hydroformylation method of an olefin-based compound using the catalyst composition.