A hand-rotatable motorized-aperture plug arrangement for use as a stopcock in articles of traditional and legacy laboratory glassware of arbitrary complexity. The hand-rotatable plug additionally comprises a longitudinally-movable gate whose gate position is changed by a stepper or D.C. electrical motor. As the gate position is changed, the amount of flow can be varied. Hand-rotation operation of the plug itself can be used to force flow turn-off. The gate position can be monitored by a sensor and can be computer-controlled for use with an article of laboratory glassware for controlling and/or directing the flow of chemical materials.

An article of laboratory glassware for directing the flow of chemical materials is described. The article includes a manifold having a plurality of input ports and at least one output port, and a plurality of stopcocks. Each stopcock has an inlet port and an outlet port connected by a passageway through the plug. Each of the stopcock output ports is connected to one of the manifold input ports, and each of the stopcock input ports is connected with one end of a hollow glass tube, and the other end of the hollow glass tube is connected to a ground glass joint. The output ports of the manifold are terminated to a ground glass joint. Each stopcock is fitted with a plug comprising a longitudinally-movable gate whose position is driven by a stepper or D.C. electrical motor where the gate position can be monitored by a sensor and can be computer-controlled.

An article of laboratory glassware for directing the flow of chemical materials is described. The article includes a glass manifold having a plurality of input ports and at least one output port, and a plurality of stopcocks. Each stopcock has an inlet port and an outlet port connected by a passageway through the plug. Each of the stopcock output ports is connected to one of the manifold input ports, and each stopcock input port is connected with one end of a hollow glass tube, and the other end of the hollow glass tube is connected to a ground glass joint. The output ports of the manifold are terminated to a ground glass joint. Each plug is rotationally coupled to a planetary gear arrangement operated by a stepper or electrical motor, and rotational position can be sensed by a sensor. The rotation of each rotating plug is controlled by a computer.

A distillation key which functions as, or with, a stopper and extends into a distillation chamber with multiple rings extending out there-from is used to catch condensing vapors and prevent condensed vapors from re-condensing at a vacuum port at the bottom of the distillation chamber. The key has one or a plurality of rings which extend outwards from an elongated neck thereof, these rings situated and centered relative to vertical walls of the distillation chamber, in embodiments of the disclosed technology.

An article of laboratory glassware for directing the flow of chemical materials is described. The article includes a manifold having a plurality of input ports and at least one output port, and a plurality of stopcocks. Each stopcock has an inlet port and an outlet port connected by a passageway through the plug. Each of the stopcock output ports is connected to one of the manifold input ports, and each of the stopcock input ports is connected with one end of a hollow glass tube, and the other end of the hollow glass tube is connected to a ground glass joint. The output ports of the manifold are terminated to a ground glass joint. Each stopcock is fitted with a plug comprising a longitudinally-movable gate whose position is driven by a stepper or D.C. electrical motor where the gate position can be monitored by a sensor and can be computer-controlled.

The present invention relates to a device consisting of a glass container, the inner walls of which have been modified after successive activation, silanisation and amidation reactions to house a porous crystalline coating. Said coating, which has the atomic sequence SiOR-M-MOF, is covalently bonded to the inner wall of the container in an inverted radial manner, where R may be A) Si(CH.sub.2).sub.3NHCH(O)(C.sub.6H.sub.4)COO; B) Si(CH.sub.2).sub.nNHCH(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.2(C.sub.2HN.sub.3)(CH.sub.2).sub.n(C.sub.6H.sub.4)COO; C) Si(CH.sub.2).sub.nOCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n(C.sub.6H.sub.4)COO; D) Si(CH.sub.2).sub.nS(CH.sub.2).sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.n(C.sub.6H.sub.4)COO, and M is a metal dependent on the type of MOF. The container can be used for the extraction and pre-concentration of analytes present in samples of different natures, from environmental to biological. The invention also relates to the use thereof for dosing medicines or for colouring or flavouring beverages.

A distillation key which functions as, or with, a stopper and extends into a distillation chamber with multiple rings extending out there-from is used to catch condensing vapors and prevent condensed vapors from re-condensing at a vacuum port at the bottom of the distillation chamber. The key has one or a plurality of rings which extend outwards from an elongated neck thereof, these rings situated and centered relative to vertical walls of the distillation chamber, in embodiments of the disclosed technology.

An article of laboratory glassware for directing the flow of chemical materials is described. The article includes a glass manifold having a plurality of input ports and at least one output port, and a plurality of stopcocks. Each stopcock has an inlet port and an outlet port connected by a passageway through the plug. Each of the stopcock output ports is connected to one of the manifold input ports, and each stopcock input port is connected with one end of a hollow glass tube, and the other end of the hollow glass tube is connected to a ground glass joint. The output ports of the manifold are terminated to a ground glass joint. Each plug is rotationally coupled to a planetary gear arrangement operated by a stepper or electrical motor, and rotational position can be sensed by a sensor. The rotation of each rotating plug is controlled by a computer.

An article of laboratory glassware for directing the flow of chemical materials is described. The article includes a glass manifold having a plurality of input ports and at least one output port, and a plurality of stopcocks. Each stopcock has an inlet port and an outlet port connected by a passageway through the plug. Each of the stopcock output ports is connected to one of the manifold input ports, and each of the stopcock input ports is connected with one end of a hollow glass tube, and the other end of the hollow glass tube is connected to a ground glass joint. The output ports of the manifold are terminated to a ground glass joint. Each plug is rotated by a stepper motor or D.C. electrical motor, and sensed by a sensor. The rotation of each rotating plug is controlled by a computer.

A system and method for distillation testing of a liquid sample at atmospheric pressure for the improved prediction of the heating necessary to reach the initial boiling point (IBP) and ensure the IBP is observed within certain time constraints, and regardless of sample composition. This monitors the sample by the camera during different heating phases of the test to obtain visual images of the sample and a computer analyzes image data observed to regulate the optimal distillation process.