Activated carbon particles A which are mechanochemically pre-treated under at least one inert gas, according to X-ray emission spectroscopy, are free of heavy metals and free of persistent organic pollutants (POP), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), fibrous fractions and meso- and macropores, have a carbon content >99 mol % and a particle size determined by electron microscopy in the range from 50 nm to 1000 nm or from 100 nm to 1000 nm, a mechanochemical process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of decorative and medical cosmetics and care products, medical products and pharmaceuticals, topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics, preparation processes therefor and corresponding uses.

A vertical and horizontal mills and discs therefor for grinding particles to submicron size. The mills include two overlapping vertical barrels. Each barrel has a shaft and a plurality of circular discs attached to the shaft disposed in each barrel for grinding materials to submicron size. The discs have an open mesh design provided by overlapping rectangular blades. Each blade has at least two opposing walls orthogonal to a plane defined by the disc. Each disc on one shaft overlaps a disc on the other shaft by from 30 to 45% of the diameter of the discs. An inlet is provided for feeding material to be ground by the mill to the overlapped portion of the discs. An outlet is disposed at an end of the mill opposite the inlet for removing ground material from the mill.

An agitator shaft (1) for a grinding mill, including: an axle (2) intended to be driven in rotation, a succession of flat agitator elements (3) and tubular spacers (4) mounted in alternation on the axle and in a stack along the axle (2), end stops (5, 6), secured to the axle, that keep the stack of agitator elements and spacers under compression, characterized in that the tubular spacers (4) have orifices allowing the free circulation of material and fluids from the outside of the agitator shaft to the inside, and vice versa.

An agitator ball mill comprises a grinding chamber (1), a rotatably mounted agitator shaft (5), which protrudes into the grinding chamber (1) and on which agitator elements (10, 20, 30), in the form of paddle wheels, are arranged spaced apart from one another axially, and an inlet (6) for supplying material to be ground and grinding bodies and an outlet (7) for removal of the ground material. The agitator elements (10, 20, 30) are constructed in such a way that, during operation, they convey a mixture consisting of material to be ground or dispersed and grinding bodies through their interior outwards away from the agitator shaft (5). In the grinding chamber (1) there are arranged return conveyor elements (17, 27, 37; 47; 57) which are joined to the agitator shaft (5) for conjoint rotation therewith and which convey the mixture laterally alongside and/or between the agitator elements (10, 20, 30) inwards towards the agitator shaft (5).

An attritor mill may include: a grinding container, including a grinding chamber and a rotor within the grinding container. The grinding chamber may be delimited by one or more side walls and a bottom wall. The rotor may include arms extending radially relative to the rotation axis of the rotor. The arms may include first and second arms on one or more levels with reference to a distance from the bottom wall. During normal operation of the attritor mill, a first arm closer to the bottom wall may be radially shorter than a second arm above the first arm. The attritor mill may be configured to treat material by: mixing the material with grinding free bodies in the grinding chamber; and agitating the material and the grinding free bodies by causing the rotor to rotate, so that the first and second arms strike the grinding free bodies.

An agitator mill, in particular in the form of a full-volume disk mill, with a grinding container, an agitator shaft circulating therein about a horizontal axis, which carries several grinding disks, which are connected thereto in a rotationally fixed manner and which are spaced apart from one another in the direction of the horizontal axis, wherein the grinding disks each have slots or apertures, wherein the agitator mill has drivers in the region between two grinding disks, which drivers circulate synchronously with the grinding disks during grinding and which provide a movement component in the radially outwards direction to at least a portion of the grinding bodies, which come into contact with them, in that they displace these grinding bodies directly in response to the circulation thereof, preferably in the radial direction.