Various wear resistance designs may be applied to a reactor configured to facilitate chemical reactions, and/or comminution using shockwaves created in a supersonic gaseous vortex. The reactor may include a rigid chamber having a substantially circular cross-section. A first gas inlet may be configured to introduce a high-velocity gas stream into the chamber. A first replaceable wear part may be disposed in the chamber to absorb wear impact caused by the gas stream. In some implementations, the first replaceable wear part may be a cylindrical rod continuously fed into the chamber. In some implementations, the first replaceable wear part may be coated with, or composed of, a catalytic material, and/or may be electrically isolated from the rest of the reactor. In some implementations, a second gas inlet may be disposed to steer the gas stream to a desired area within the chamber to even out the wear impact.

An apparatus and a method are for separating a plastic-based insulation material from a concrete-based constructional element, to which the insulation material is attached. The apparatus has at least one fluid-jetting device which is in fluid communication with a pressure-generating device to produce a fluid jet with a pressure sufficient to release the insulation material from the constructional element. The apparatus is configured to allow relative motion between the fluid-jetting device and the constructional element.

The invention provides a counter-impact jet milling mechanism. The counter-impact jet milling mechanism comprises rotating members capable of rotating around an axis, and is characterized in that at least 4 circumferentially distributed grinding areas are arranged in the rotating members, a through path is formed between the outer edge of each of the grinding areas and the inner wall of each of the rotating members, and negative pressure blades, positive pressure blades and material diverters are arranged in each of the grinding areas. The invention further provides a counter-impact jet mill. The counter-impact jet mill comprises a motor, and is characterized in that the milling mechanism is coaxially installed on an output shaft of the motor, the milling mechanism is arranged in a shell, a feed port and a discharge port are respectively arranged on the shell, the feed port is communicated with the material inlet of the milling mechanism through a feed channel, and the discharge port is communicated with the material outlet of the milling mechanism through a discharge channel. The invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, conforming to environmental protection requirements, suitable for large-scale industrial production, and capable of producing fine powder to superfine powder having different requirements with no need for sectionalizers and induced draft fans.

Apparatus for processing organic material is disclosed which breaks down the inedible components of fruit and vegetables (core, skin, pips, pithy material) into an edible substance with a cream-like consistency. The apparatus includes a piston in a barrel for pressurizing the material and forcing it through a passage having a number of end-to-end sections which are at right angles to one another. There is an impact surface at the end of each section on which the flowing material impacts. The sections can be between a sleeve having sections of different diameters and a bobbin the outer surface of which is stepped to match the inner surface of the sleeve.

A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.

An apparatus and process for beneficiating ores in an economic and environmentally friendly manner can often beneficiate ores, often from less than 20% concentration, to over 70%, an increase of over 50 percentage points, or a 250% increase. The apparatus and process may further by utilized for removing chemical contaminants, such as hydrocarbons, from solid media such as, but not limited to, soil and drill cuttings. An aqueous slurry of the material is pumped as a slurry through a -inch to 4-inch nozzle, for example, to collide with a stationary plate in an impact chamber at high velocities. The impact partially and preferentially disassociates these materials. The post impact slurry exiting the impact chamber may be usable as-is, or may be further treated, as desired, by secondary component material separation methods, such as gravity, magnetic, mechanical or the like.

An apparatus and process for beneficiating ores in an economic and environmentally friendly manner can often beneficiate ores, often from less than 20% concentration, to over 70%, an increase of over 50%, or a 250% increase. The apparatus and process use positive displacement fluid pumps and a high impact collision in a stationary impact chamber. The ore and embedding, or waste, material is pumped as a slurry through a -inch to 4-inch nozzle, for example, to collide with a stationary plate in an impact chamber at high velocities. The impact partially disassociates these materials. The post impact slurry exiting the impact chamber may be usable as-is, or may be further treated, as desired, by secondary component material separation methods, such as gravity, magnetic, mechanical or the like.

This invention relates to a micronizing device for fluid jet mills which presents a containing body (2) internally delimiting a substantially cylindrical grinding chamber (3), a plurality of nozzles (18), each presenting a mouth (22) opening onto a radially internal side wall (8) of the grinding chamber (3), a supply duct (9) for material to be micronized, opening into the grinding chamber (3) and at least one injection duct (12) for pressurized fluid, in fluid communication with said nozzles (18). The nozzles (18) present a pressurized fluid injection direction (X-X) which is tangent to an imaginary circle included inside the grinding chamber (3). The radially internal side wall (8) presents, at each nozzle (18), a first portion (23) which is substantially perpendicular to the injection direction (X-X) of the respective nozzle (18).

A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.

A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.