A quantitative infrared chemical imaging method to determine the concentration of a desired high value product in a milling process is used as a basis to optimize the milling process by changing operational parameters, such as sieve size. In a dry milling process, the method can be used to determine the concentration of purified endosperm within heterogeneous solid particulate mixtures containing endosperm and nonendosperm botanical parts. The imaging component accommodates the analysis of particle size statistics for each component of the mixture, based upon the chemical structural characterization. Timely chemical composition and particle size analyses enables informed selection for the optimization of physical separation for the processing of granular solids. The method involves changing sieves within the sifting apparatus based on chemical imaging to provide smaller or larger screen openings to improve separation of endosperm and nonendosperm material from the ground product.

Disclosed is a method for separating nanodiamond clusters synthesized by a detonation method having a size of 100 nm˜1,000 nm into nanodiamonds of 100 nm or less—more specifically, into uniformly sized nanodiamonds in the range of 5 nm˜50 nm, free of metal and alkaline impurities and ready to quantitatively attach functional groups on the surface of the nanodiamonds for applications such as thin film precursor materials, drug delivery systems and cosmetics compositions.

Disclosed is a method for separating nanodiamond clusters synthesized by a detonation method having a size of 100 nm˜1,000 nm into nanodiamonds of 100 nm or less—more specifically, into uniformly sized nanodiamonds in the range of 5 nm˜50 nm, free of metal and alkaline impurities and ready to quantitatively attach functional groups on the surface of the nanodiamonds for applications such as thin film precursor materials, drug delivery systems and cosmetics compositions.

The present invention relates to a process and to a system for eliminating the expandability of steel-plant slag, which comprises a primary crusher (3) to reduce the fragments according to their granulometry; a magnetic separator (4) to remove metallic fragments bigger than a determined granulometry (5); a rotary dryer (6) to dry slag free from bigger metallic fragments; an impact mill (11) to disaggregate and fragment slag particles that are bigger than a predetermined granulometry; a classifier (12) for aero-classification and drag of fine and superfine particles; a cooler (17) for cooling slag particles bigger than a predetermined granulometry by means of heat exchange and removal of the fine and superfine particles that were not collected by the impact mill (11); a vibrating sieve (21) provided with two or more decks (23, 24, and 25) with screens of predetermined sizes; low-intensity magnetic separators (26, 27 and 28), with generation of non-magnetic slag fractions free from metallic iron and from iron monoxide, and of magnetic fractions composed by metallic iron and iron monoxide; and low-intensity magnetic separators (35, 36 and 37) to reprocess the magnetic fractions with generation of concentrate with high metallic iron contents and a product with high concentration of iron monoxide.

The present invention relates to a process and to a system for eliminating the expandability of steel-plant slag, which comprises a primary crusher (3) to reduce the fragments according to their granulometry; a magnetic separator (4) to remove metallic fragments bigger than a determined granulometry (5); a rotary dryer (6) to dry slag free from bigger metallic fragments; an impact mill (11) to disaggregate and fragment slag particles that are bigger than a predetermined granulometry; a classifier (12) for aero-classification and drag of fine and superfine particles; a cooler (17) for cooling slag particles bigger than a predetermined granulometry by means of heat exchange and removal of the fine and superfine particles that were not collected by the impact mill (11); a vibrating sieve (21) provided with two or more decks (23, 24, and 25) with screens of predetermined sizes; low-intensity magnetic separators (26, 27 and 28), with generation of non-magnetic slag fractions free from metallic iron and from iron monoxide, and of magnetic fractions composed by metallic iron and iron monoxide; and low-intensity magnetic separators (35, 36 and 37) to reprocess the magnetic fractions with generation of concentrate with high metallic iron contents and a product with high concentration of iron monoxide.

A secondary shredder can include a rotor assembly that employs a modular rotor design. Each rotor of the rotor assembly can include a number of blades that are symmetrical around a horizontal and a vertical axis. Each rotor can include a number of radial extensions forming gaps into which the blades insert. The blades can be secured within the gaps by wedges that apply an inward force against the blades when the wedges are secured into the gaps. The radial extensions and blades can include keyways into which keys insert to prevent the blades from escaping the gaps. The secondary shredder may also include a stationary knife assembly that includes multiple stationary knives that are positioned on the same side of the rotor assembly.

A secondary shredder can include a rotor assembly that employs a modular rotor design. Each rotor of the rotor assembly can include a number of blades that are symmetrical around a horizontal and a vertical axis. Each rotor can include a number of radial extensions forming gaps into which the blades insert. The blades can be secured within the gaps by wedges that apply an inward force against the blades when the wedges are secured into the gaps. The radial extensions and blades can include keyways into which keys insert to prevent the blades from escaping the gaps. The secondary shredder may also include a stationary knife assembly that includes multiple stationary knives that are positioned on the same side of the rotor assembly.

An insulated structure includes a plurality of walls and a cavity defined by the plurality of walls. A core material is disposed within the cavity. The core material includes particles with a diameter that is in a range of 80-1600 μm. The core material disposed within the cavity can have a density in a range of greater than 350 kg/m.sup.3 to 600 kg/m.sup.3. Methods of manufacturing the insulated structure also disclosed.

Ways of obtaining a mineral rich powder from an electronic waste substrate include a shredder configured to receive the electronic waste substrate and process the electronic waste substrate into a plurality of fragments. A mill is provided that includes a container configured to receive the plurality of fragments, the container including a milling media, the mill configured to abrade the plurality of fragments with the milling media to produce a milled product. A separator is provided that is configured to receive the milled product, where the separator is configured to apply a predetermined size selection to the milled product to provide a first output including a plurality of particles and a second output including a plurality of abraded fragments. A skid is coupled to and provides structural support for the shredder, the mill, and the separator.

Ways of obtaining a mineral rich powder from an electronic waste substrate include a shredder configured to receive the electronic waste substrate and process the electronic waste substrate into a plurality of fragments. A mill is provided that includes a container configured to receive the plurality of fragments, the container including a milling media, the mill configured to abrade the plurality of fragments with the milling media to produce a milled product. A separator is provided that is configured to receive the milled product, where the separator is configured to apply a predetermined size selection to the milled product to provide a first output including a plurality of particles and a second output including a plurality of abraded fragments. A skid is coupled to and provides structural support for the shredder, the mill, and the separator.