A method for magnetic cellular manipulation may include contacting a composition with a biological sample to form a mixture. The composition may include a plurality of particles. Each particle in the plurality of particles may include a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be characterized by a magnetic susceptibility greater than zero. The composition may also include a chargeable silicon-containing compound. The chargeable silicon-containing compound may coat at least a portion of the magnetic substrate. The biological sample may include cells and/or cellular structures. The method may also include applying a magnetic field to the mixture to manipulate the composition.

A method for magnetic cellular manipulation may include contacting a composition with a biological sample to form a mixture. The composition may include a plurality of particles. Each particle in the plurality of particles may include a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be characterized by a magnetic susceptibility greater than zero. The composition may also include a chargeable silicon-containing compound. The chargeable silicon-containing compound may coat at least a portion of the magnetic substrate. The biological sample may include cells and/or cellular structures. The method may also include applying a magnetic field to the mixture to manipulate the composition.

Extraction of elements and/or compounds from iron-containing materials, such as iron-containing tailings, and related systems and products are generally described. The systems and methods described herein can provide, in accordance with certain embodiments, the ability to efficiently process iron-containing (e.g., iron-rich) tailings even in the presence of aluminosilicates and/or other impurities. In addition, in accordance with some embodiments, the systems and methods described herein can provide the ability to efficiently extract different minerals and/or other compounds (e.g., metal(s), salt(s), etc.) from complex tailings structures. Furthermore, reactors and methods for recovery of a reaction product with a relatively high magnetic susceptibility are generally described. Certain reactors are configured such that, during operation, the reaction products are selectively transported to the magnetic field source, relative to the reactants.

A water treatment system for removing contaminant from a feed solution is provided. The system includes a hollow fiber membrane chemical reactor (HF-MCR) and a magnetic field generator; or a magnetic confinement-enabled column reactor (MCCR) comprising one or more column filters and a magnetic field generator. The magnetic field generator is arranged to produce a magnetic field for realizing a magnetically confined zone that results in a formation of a plurality of microwires comprising the zerovalent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles or a plurality of ZVI wires comprising ZVI microparticles. The plurality of microwires can be a magnetic catalyst to enable catalytic degradation and chemical immobilization of the contaminant. The plurality of ZVI wires can reduce aqueous As (As.sub.aq) concentration in the feed solution after the feed solution is pumped through the one or more column filters.

A water treatment system for removing contaminant from a feed solution is provided. The system includes a hollow fiber membrane chemical reactor (HF-MCR) and a magnetic field generator; or a magnetic confinement-enabled column reactor (MCCR) comprising one or more column filters and a magnetic field generator. The magnetic field generator is arranged to produce a magnetic field for realizing a magnetically confined zone that results in a formation of a plurality of microwires comprising the zerovalent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles or a plurality of ZVI wires comprising ZVI microparticles. The plurality of microwires can be a magnetic catalyst to enable catalytic degradation and chemical immobilization of the contaminant. The plurality of ZVI wires can reduce aqueous As (As.sub.aq) concentration in the feed solution after the feed solution is pumped through the one or more column filters.

The present invention relates to a process for breaking up microplastic/magnetic material aggregates. The process allows both regenerating the magnetic material and obtaining magnetic material-free microplastics. The present invention consists fundamentally of breaking up magnetic material/microplastic aggregates by means of treatment thereof with a concentrated aqueous saline solution, and subsequently separating both types of solids by density and/or by applying a magnetic field.

The present invention relates to a process for breaking up microplastic/magnetic material aggregates. The process allows both regenerating the magnetic material and obtaining magnetic material-free microplastics. The present invention consists fundamentally of breaking up magnetic material/microplastic aggregates by means of treatment thereof with a concentrated aqueous saline solution, and subsequently separating both types of solids by density and/or by applying a magnetic field.