A method for magnetic cellular manipulation may include contacting a composition with a biological sample to form a mixture. The composition may include a plurality of particles. Each particle in the plurality of particles may include a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be characterized by a magnetic susceptibility greater than zero. The composition may also include a chargeable silicon-containing compound. The chargeable silicon-containing compound may coat at least a portion of the magnetic substrate. The biological sample may include cells and/or cellular structures. The method may also include applying a magnetic field to the mixture to manipulate the composition.

A device and method of reclaiming refractory material from a lining of a refractory includes assembling a first refractory component of the lining with a first refractory product, and assembling a second refractory component of the working lining with a second refractory product different from the first refractory product, the second refractory product including magnetic material dispersed therein. Upon the lining reaching a service life, the lining is demolished to produce a mixture of the first refractory component pieces and the second refractory component pieces. Magnetic separation is performed on the mixture to separate the second refractory component pieces from the first refractory component pieces.

A device and method of reclaiming refractory material from a lining of a refractory includes assembling a first refractory component of the lining with a first refractory product, and assembling a second refractory component of the working lining with a second refractory product different from the first refractory product, the second refractory product including magnetic material dispersed therein. Upon the lining reaching a service life, the lining is demolished to produce a mixture of the first refractory component pieces and the second refractory component pieces. Magnetic separation is performed on the mixture to separate the second refractory component pieces from the first refractory component pieces.

A system may include a horizontal actuator to move a tray, to which a microwell plate and a microfluidic chip may be coupled. The system may include a vertical actuator to move a support arm, to which a plurality of pipettes or pipette tips may be coupled. The system may include a rotational actuator to move an angle bracket, to which a magnet may be coupled. The system may include a heater, through which the pipettes may extend. The system may include a pump to control the flow of fluids through the pipettes.

A system may include a horizontal actuator to move a tray, to which a microwell plate and a microfluidic chip may be coupled. The system may include a vertical actuator to move a support arm, to which a plurality of pipettes or pipette tips may be coupled. The system may include a rotational actuator to move an angle bracket, to which a magnet may be coupled. The system may include a heater, through which the pipettes may extend. The system may include a pump to control the flow of fluids through the pipettes.

An approach is disclosed processing elements from input gases. The input gases are received into an electromagnetic plasma separator where the input gases are heated to at least 8000 degrees Kelvin, via a plasma combustor, to form a gas plasma element state. The gas plasma element state is sent through a series of concentrated super conducting magnets M (M.sub.1, M.sub.2, . . . , M.sub.i, . . . , M.sub.n), i>1, which act as targeted plasma separators. Each super conducting magnet M.sub.i in the series of concentrated super conducting magnets M (M.sub.1, M.sub.2, . . . , M.sub.i, . . . , M.sub.n) extracts a corresponding individual plasma state element from the gas plasma into a corresponding separated element S (S.sub.1, S.sub.2, . . . . S.sub.i, . . . , Sn) until a residue of oxygen, nitrogen, and other trace elements remain. The corresponding plasma state element is extracted into a separation arrangement.

An approach is disclosed processing elements from input gases. The input gases are received into an electromagnetic plasma separator where the input gases are heated to at least 8000 degrees Kelvin, via a plasma combustor, to form a gas plasma element state. The gas plasma element state is sent through a series of concentrated super conducting magnets M (M.sub.1, M.sub.2, . . . , M.sub.i, . . . , M.sub.n), i>1, which act as targeted plasma separators. Each super conducting magnet M.sub.i in the series of concentrated super conducting magnets M (M.sub.1, M.sub.2, . . . , M.sub.i, . . . , M.sub.n) extracts a corresponding individual plasma state element from the gas plasma into a corresponding separated element S (S.sub.1, S.sub.2, . . . . S.sub.i, . . . , Sn) until a residue of oxygen, nitrogen, and other trace elements remain. The corresponding plasma state element is extracted into a separation arrangement.

Provided is a metal purification device and method based on a mass-to-charge ratio difference. The metal purification device includes a vacuum chamber, and an ion excitation chamber and an electromagnetic separation chamber that are arranged in the vacuum chamber. The ion excitation chamber and the electromagnetic separation chamber are arranged side by side. The vacuum chamber is configured to provide a vacuum purification environment or an inert gas-filled purification environment. The ion excitation chamber is configured to excite an impurity-containing metal sample to produce ionized atoms with different mass-to-charge ratios. A plurality of collectors are provided in the electromagnetic separation chamber, and the electromagnetic separation chamber is configured to provide an electric field and a magnetostatic field. Electric field forces generated by the electric field cooperate with Lorentz forces generated by the magnetostatic field to control the ionized atoms with the different mass-to-charge ratios to enter different collectors.

Provided is a metal purification device and method based on a mass-to-charge ratio difference. The metal purification device includes a vacuum chamber, and an ion excitation chamber and an electromagnetic separation chamber that are arranged in the vacuum chamber. The ion excitation chamber and the electromagnetic separation chamber are arranged side by side. The vacuum chamber is configured to provide a vacuum purification environment or an inert gas-filled purification environment. The ion excitation chamber is configured to excite an impurity-containing metal sample to produce ionized atoms with different mass-to-charge ratios. A plurality of collectors are provided in the electromagnetic separation chamber, and the electromagnetic separation chamber is configured to provide an electric field and a magnetostatic field. Electric field forces generated by the electric field cooperate with Lorentz forces generated by the magnetostatic field to control the ionized atoms with the different mass-to-charge ratios to enter different collectors.

The present disclosure generally provides water electrolysis systems and methods. The systems include a first electrode set with a first bipolar plate electrically coupled to a power source. A first electrode is disposed adjacent to the first bipolar plate and in electrical contact with the first bipolar plate. The first electrode is disposed adjacent to a first side of a diaphragm. The systems include a second electrode set with a second bipolar plate and a second electrode. The second electrode is disposed adjacent to a second side of the diaphragm that is opposite the first side. A first electromagnetic conductive loop is embedded within the first electrode set. The first electromagnetic conductive loop is oriented horizontally along a vertical stand electrode plane. The Lorentz force associated with the generated electromagnetic field and the electric field of water electrolysis facilitates gas bubble expulsion from the electrolyzer system, thereby improving electrolysis efficiency.