A system for recovering of metal and sand from incinerator ash material having an ash clarification assembly, a magnet to remove the ferrous from the heavy material; a sorting assembly, a drying cage or dewatering unit to dry the material; and a separation assembly to remove the aluminium from the material. Methods are included as well.

A system for recovering of metal and sand from incinerator ash material having an ash clarification assembly, a magnet to remove the ferrous from the heavy material; a sorting assembly, a drying cage or dewatering unit to dry the material; and a separation assembly to remove the aluminium from the material. Methods are included as well.

An ion source includes an external housing, an electrically conductive tip, a gas supply system, configured to supply an operating gas into the neighborhood of the tip, and a cooling system configured to cool the tip. The gas supply system includes a first tube with a hollow interior, and a chemical getter material is provided in the hollow interior of the tube.

A method for magnetic cellular manipulation may include contacting a composition with a biological sample to form a mixture. The composition may include a plurality of particles. Each particle in the plurality of particles may include a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be characterized by a magnetic susceptibility greater than zero. The composition may also include a chargeable silicon-containing compound. The chargeable silicon-containing compound may coat at least a portion of the magnetic substrate. The biological sample may include cells and/or cellular structures. The method may also include applying a magnetic field to the mixture to manipulate the composition.

A method for magnetic cellular manipulation may include contacting a composition with a biological sample to form a mixture. The composition may include a plurality of particles. Each particle in the plurality of particles may include a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be characterized by a magnetic susceptibility greater than zero. The composition may also include a chargeable silicon-containing compound. The chargeable silicon-containing compound may coat at least a portion of the magnetic substrate. The biological sample may include cells and/or cellular structures. The method may also include applying a magnetic field to the mixture to manipulate the composition.

Devices, methods, and systems are provided for extracting particles from a ferrofluid and for rapid affinity measurements. Such systems may comprise a fluidic channel or chamber configured to include a ferrofluid having a plurality of target particles and background particles. The systems may include a capture region configured to capture at least a portion of the plurality of target particles. In addition, the systems include a first magnetic field generator and a second magnetic field generator. The first magnetic field generator may be arranged proximate to the fluidic channel, the first magnetic field generator being configured to generate a first magnetic field configured to direct the plurality of target particles towards the capture region. The second magnetic field generator can be arranged to be proximate to the capture region, and is further configured to generate an affinity thresholding magnetic field configured to remove background particles from the capture region.

Devices, methods, and systems are provided for extracting particles from a ferrofluid and for rapid affinity measurements. Such systems may comprise a fluidic channel or chamber configured to include a ferrofluid having a plurality of target particles and background particles. The systems may include a capture region configured to capture at least a portion of the plurality of target particles. In addition, the systems include a first magnetic field generator and a second magnetic field generator. The first magnetic field generator may be arranged proximate to the fluidic channel, the first magnetic field generator being configured to generate a first magnetic field configured to direct the plurality of target particles towards the capture region. The second magnetic field generator can be arranged to be proximate to the capture region, and is further configured to generate an affinity thresholding magnetic field configured to remove background particles from the capture region.

A device and method for extracting particles contained in a ferrofluid medium are provided. Such methods may comprise suspending particles of different sizes in a ferrofluid medium and containing the ferrofluid medium in a cylindrical reservoir, and applying a first magnetic field to at least a portion of the reservoir. The first magnetic field is configured to indirectly exert a force on at least a portion of the particles of a predetermined size, and direct the portion of particles in a desired direction.

A device and method for extracting particles contained in a ferrofluid medium are provided. Such methods may comprise suspending particles of different sizes in a ferrofluid medium and containing the ferrofluid medium in a cylindrical reservoir, and applying a first magnetic field to at least a portion of the reservoir. The first magnetic field is configured to indirectly exert a force on at least a portion of the particles of a predetermined size, and direct the portion of particles in a desired direction.

Devices, methods, and systems are provided for extracting particles from a ferrofluid. Such methods may comprise receiving a flow of ferrofluid comprising target particles and background particles and generating a first, focusing magnetic field to focus the target particles towards a capture region. The capture region may capture the target particles and a plurality of background particles. A second, defocusing magnetic field may be configured to remove background particles from the capture region. A detector may be used to detect the target particles bound to the target region.