A perforated replaceable insert for a sand separator vessel in a digester feed system where the perforations have at least a width and a length. The perforations are aligned columns and rows, with the columns being positioned to be parallel to a line formed by the tangent of the conical axis.

There are provided a cyclone body (50) into which a pressurized mixed fluid of slag and water is guided to centrifuge the slag from the water, and a pressure container (51) for housing the cyclone body (50), the cyclone body (50) being provided in its vertically lower portion with an opening (50d) that opens in the pressure container (51). The cyclone body (50) is provided in its inner peripheral surface with an abrasion-resistant material (56). The pressure container (51) includes a slag receiver (51d) below the opening (50d) of the cyclone body (50) to temporarily store slag.

There are provided a cyclone body (50) into which a pressurized mixed fluid of slag and water is guided to centrifuge the slag from the water, and a pressure container (51) for housing the cyclone body (50), the cyclone body (50) being provided in its vertically lower portion with an opening (50d) that opens in the pressure container (51). The cyclone body (50) is provided in its inner peripheral surface with an abrasion-resistant material (56). The pressure container (51) includes a slag receiver (51d) below the opening (50d) of the cyclone body (50) to temporarily store slag.

There is provided a method of forming a hydrocyclone body including assembling sintered alumina blocks (27) against a form (37), holding the blocks (27) in place with tape (40), locating a hydrocyclone housing over the blocks (27), filling a space between them with settable epoxy/ceramic composite to secure the blocks (27) to the casing, and removing the form (37), resulting in a substantially continuous, wear resistant surface.

There is provided a method of forming a hydrocyclone body including assembling sintered alumina blocks (27) against a form (37), holding the blocks (27) in place with tape (40), locating a hydrocyclone housing over the blocks (27), filling a space between them with settable epoxy/ceramic composite to secure the blocks (27) to the casing, and removing the form (37), resulting in a substantially continuous, wear resistant surface.

Processes and plants are disclosed for separating carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream, for providing a source of atomic carbon by disassociating carbon dioxide and for generating electrical power from by-products of producing atomic carbon. In relation to separating carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream, the disclosed process includes energising a gas stream containing carbon dioxide to produce a disassociated stream by disassociating the carbon dioxide into atomic carbon and atomic oxygen using an energising apparatus. The process further includes separating the atomic carbon and the atomic oxygen into a carbon stream containing an atomic carbon phase and an oxygen stream containing an atomic oxygen phase using a high temperature cyclone apparatus.

Hydrocyclone comprising a ceramic cyclone head with at least one feed inlet, a upper outlet, and a head chamber a ceramic cyclone main body with a lower outlet and a main chamber, wherein ceramic cyclone main body is connected to the ceramic cyclone head so that the head chamber is in fluid communication with the main chamber; a metal enclosure with a corresponding feed inlet opening and corresponding outlet openings; wherein the metal enclosure comprises at least an upper metallic enclosure part adapted to enclose at least part of the ceramic cyclone head and a main metallic enclosure part adapted to enclose at least a part of the ceramic cyclone main body, wherein the upper metallic enclosure part comprises circumferential threads in a lower section thereof and the main metallic enclosure part comprises circumferential threads in an upper section thereof, wherein said circumferential threads are mateable.

Hydrocyclone comprising a ceramic cyclone head with at least one feed inlet, a upper outlet, and a head chamber a ceramic cyclone main body with a lower outlet and a main chamber, wherein ceramic cyclone main body is connected to the ceramic cyclone head so that the head chamber is in fluid communication with the main chamber; a metal enclosure with a corresponding feed inlet opening and corresponding outlet openings; wherein the metal enclosure comprises at least an upper metallic enclosure part adapted to enclose at least part of the ceramic cyclone head and a main metallic enclosure part adapted to enclose at least a part of the ceramic cyclone main body, wherein the upper metallic enclosure part comprises circumferential threads in a lower section thereof and the main metallic enclosure part comprises circumferential threads in an upper section thereof, wherein said circumferential threads are mateable.

The invention relates to a cyclone (10) for mechanical separation of particles in suspension in a gas, in particular intended for a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said cyclone comprising the following elements: a separation chamber (101), an inlet duct (102) that opens into the chamber (101), a gas outlet duct (103) located in the upper portion of the chamber (101) and a particle outlet duct (104) located in the lower portion of the chamber (101), characterized in that each element of the cyclone is made of a ceramic material. The invention also relates to a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with at least one cyclone made of ceramic material.

The invention relates to a cyclone (10) for mechanical separation of particles in suspension in a gas, in particular intended for a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said cyclone comprising the following elements: a separation chamber (101), an inlet duct (102) that opens into the chamber (101), a gas outlet duct (103) located in the upper portion of the chamber (101) and a particle outlet duct (104) located in the lower portion of the chamber (101), characterized in that each element of the cyclone is made of a ceramic material. The invention also relates to a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with at least one cyclone made of ceramic material.