The present invention relates to a method and device for increasing the quantity of electric charges in a chemical solution of an electrostatic sprayer. The method uses a liquid storage cavity of the electrostatic sprayer and an electrostatic module for generating static electricity. The liquid storage cavity is divided into a charging cavity and a chemical solution supply cavity. The charging cavity is isolated from the chemical solution supply cavity. An electrostatic output electrode of the electrostatic module applies static electricity to a chemical solution in the charging cavity in a static state so that the chemical solution carries a high content of electric charges. After the chemical solution carried with a high content of electric charges is sprayed out, the chemical solution in the chemical solution supply cavity is supplied into the charging cavity, so that the sprayed chemical solution is allowed to carry a high content of electric charges by charging static electricity to a small amount of the chemical solution in a stepped manner. In the method and device for increasing the quantity of electric charges in a chemical is solution of an electrostatic sprayer provided by the present invention, without changing the capacity, the quantity of electric charges in a part of the chemical solution in the liquid storage cavity is increased, the quantity of electric charges in the sprayed chemical solution is thus increased, and the absorption effect of the chemical solution is improved.

A fluid injection system includes a mixing chamber locatable in an exhaust gas conduit upstream of a selective catalytic reduction device for providing an exhaust gas flow path and space for receiving injected fluid, an injector with a plurality of bundled capillary tubes each having an inlet configured to receive a fluid for injection into the chamber and an outlet wherein the injector is mounted on the chamber with the tube outlets in fluid communication with the chamber space, a base plate disposed in the chamber spaced from and aligned with the bundled tubes, a voltage supply connected to the tubes and to the base plate for providing a charge to the tubes and to the base plate to create an electric field to the fluid in the tubes, and a valve disposed on a wall of the chamber for at least one of priming and purging of the tubes.

An electrostatic atomizer (100) includes: a spray electrode (1); a reference electrode (2); a current control section (24) for controlling a value of a current flowing through the reference electrode (2); and a voltage application section (22) for applying a voltage across the spray electrode (1) and the reference electrode (2), based on the value of the current controlled by the current control section (24), the reference electrode (2) having a tip whose shape has a specific curvature radius.

A method for simultaneous additive manufacturing and thickness-limited, electrospray deposition may include forming an electrically conductive target via additive manufacturing and exposing the electrically conductive target to an incident spray comprising a thermo-responsive polymer solution, in the presence of an electric field. The electrically conductive target may have a surface temperature, the thermo-responsive polymer solution may have a solution temperature, and the thermo-responsive polymer solution may include a non-conductive polymer. The method may further include allowing the solution temperature to deviate toward the surface temperature to a deposited temperature at which the non-conductive polymer is immobile. The method may further include allowing the non-conductive polymer to accumulate on the electrically conductive target to form a layer, having a thickness sufficient to repulse the incident spray.

An electrospray apparatus and a method of operating the electrospray apparatus can include an array of emitters that can emit a fog of charged droplets, wherein the charged droplets can be produced in a carrier gas by the array of emitters and directed into a development zone of a charge image. Each emitter among the array of emitters can be implemented as a cone-shaped emitter. The array of emitters can be implemented as a cone jet electrospray micro-array that can produce a high liquid concentration of the charged droplets in the carrier gas. The charged droplets can comprise charged fountain solution droplets, and the charge image can be a fountain solution image that can be transferrable to a blanket for control and subsequent ink transfer to a receiving medium.

An improved additive manufacturing system for manufacturing metal parts by magnetohydrodynamic printing liquid metal. A monitoring system including at least one camera capturing light reflected from a strobe light source. Images of the droplets are captured during their jetting and analyzed to determine whether the jetting performance is meeting specifications. A nozzle of the system has a nozzle bottom and a nozzle stem extending outward therefrom on which a meniscus of liquid metal can form. The nozzle is cleaned by bringing a ceramic rod in the vicinity of the nozzle and jetting a bead of metal which is rotated against the nozzle to remove an amount of dross.

A composite electrode includes two or more types of fibers forming a fiber network, comprising at least a first type of fibers and a second type of fibers. The first type of fibers comprises a first polymer and a first type of particles. The second type of fibers comprises a second polymer and a second type of particles. The second polymer is same as or different from the first polymer. The second type of particles are same as or different from the first type of particles.

A liquid droplet ejection device includes at least one first liquid droplet ejection unit including a first liquid holding unit and a first tip, the first tip to eject the first liquid in the first liquid holding unit as a first liquid droplet onto an object; at least one second liquid droplet ejection unit including a second liquid holding unit and a second tip, the second tip to eject the second liquid in the second liquid holding unit as a second liquid droplet onto the object; an object holding unit to hold the object; and a driving unit to move the first tip and the second tip in a first direction. An inner diameter of the second tip is larger than an inner diameter of the first tip. The first tip and the second tip are arranged along the first direction. The second tip is arranged behind the first tip.

Propulsion systems, such as electrospray thrusters, may include an electrically actuated valve to permit a selective flow of propellant to a thruster. The valve may be located and arranged such that it physically separates a propellant, such as a source of ions, from a thruster of the propulsion system. In some embodiments, the application of a voltage potential to the valve may wet a plurality of through holes formed in the valve with the propellant such that the propellant flows through the valve to the thruster. After the valve has been opened, the propulsion system may be operated normally.

Methods involving: A) placing one or more solid materials on a skin surface; after step A), B) electrostatically spraying a composition X comprising (a) one or more volatile substances selected from water, an alcohol, and a ketone and (b) a polymer having a coating forming ability directly on the skin to thereby form a coating on the skin surface; and after step B) or before step A), C) applying a composition Y, other than the composition X, comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of (c) an adhesive polymer and (d) an oil component (d) to the skin, are useful for producing a wearable coating having a solid material fixed on skin.