An aerosol-generating device includes: a housing having a liquid storage cavity for accommodating an aerosol-generating substrate; a metal element arranged outside the liquid storage cavity; a static electricity generating assembly including a positive terminal and a negative terminal, one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal being electrically connected to the metal element so as to cause a part of the aerosol-generating substrate that is close to the metal element in the liquid storage cavity to be charged by electrostatic induction when the static electricity generating assembly is electrified; and a vaporization sheet, that, when electrified, vaporizes the charged aerosol-generating substrate to generate a charged aerosol.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods and systems for making structures using an electrospray system while under vacuum. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods and systems for ultra-fast growth of high aspect ratio nano/meso/micro-structures with three dimensional topological complexity and control of phase and composition of the structure formed.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods and systems for making structures using an electrospray system while under vacuum. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods and systems for ultra-fast growth of high aspect ratio nano/meso/micro-structures with three dimensional topological complexity and control of phase and composition of the structure formed.

Proposed is a multi-needle head. The multi-needle head includes at least one adapter mounted with a needle in which liquid is discharged therethrough, and includes a holder in which the adapter is fixed. An O-ring having an outer diameter thereof larger than a width of a body of the adapter is coupled to the body of the adapter, a fixing hole into which the body of the adapter is inserted is formed in the holder, and an O-ring fixing portion having an inner diameter thereof larger than an inner diameter of the fixing hole is formed in the middle of the fixing hole such that the O-ring is positioned at the O-ring fixing portion. A vertical width of the O-ring fixing portion is larger than a vertical width of the O-ring, thereby allowing a height of the adapter that is fixed to the holder to be adjusted.

Proposed is a multi-needle head. The multi-needle head includes at least one adapter mounted with a needle in which liquid is discharged therethrough, and includes a holder in which the adapter is fixed. An O-ring having an outer diameter thereof larger than a width of a body of the adapter is coupled to the body of the adapter, a fixing hole into which the body of the adapter is inserted is formed in the holder, and an O-ring fixing portion having an inner diameter thereof larger than an inner diameter of the fixing hole is formed in the middle of the fixing hole such that the O-ring is positioned at the O-ring fixing portion. A vertical width of the O-ring fixing portion is larger than a vertical width of the O-ring, thereby allowing a height of the adapter that is fixed to the holder to be adjusted.

Devices, systems, and methods for charging fluids are disclosed. The charging of fluids improves the mixing of fluids in microfluidic systems. The charging is performed by producing an ion field between an ionizing electrode and an opposed ground electrode. A fluid-containing vessel is positioned between the opposed electrodes and the ion field charges the fluid in the vessel.

Devices, systems, and methods for charging fluids are disclosed. The charging of fluids improves the mixing of fluids in microfluidic systems. The charging is performed by producing an ion field between an ionizing electrode and an opposed ground electrode. A fluid-containing vessel is positioned between the opposed electrodes and the ion field charges the fluid in the vessel.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a thin film fabricating apparatus which may be employed in mass production and may stably provide a uniform nano-order layer. An exemplary embodiment of a thin film fabricating apparatus includes: an electrode bath which contains a thin film-forming material; a plurality of needle electrodes disposed in the electrode bath; a plurality of ring electrodes disposed on the electrode bath at positions corresponding to the needle electrodes; and a substrate stand disposed opposite to the needle electrodes and the ring electrodes, where the substrate stand holds the substrate, on which a thin film is to be formed.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a thin film fabricating apparatus which may be employed in mass production and may stably provide a uniform nano-order layer. An exemplary embodiment of a thin film fabricating apparatus includes: an electrode bath which contains a thin film-forming material; a plurality of needle electrodes disposed in the electrode bath; a plurality of ring electrodes disposed on the electrode bath at positions corresponding to the needle electrodes; and a substrate stand disposed opposite to the needle electrodes and the ring electrodes, where the substrate stand holds the substrate, on which a thin film is to be formed.

This manual gun (2) for applying a coating product comprises a high voltage unit (42), designed for electrostatically charge the coating product at a voltage/flow rate characteristic when it is supplied with electric power, and adjustment means (16), for selecting, from among several pre-adjusted voltage/current characteristics, the voltage/current characteristic according to which the product is electrostatically charged. This gun also comprises a control member (10), which is maneuverable between an inactive configuration, where it opposes the application of the coating product and wherein the high voltage unit (42) is not supplied with electric power, and an active configuration, wherein it does not oppose the application of the coating product and wherein the high voltage unit is supplied with electric power. The adjustment means (16) comprise control buttons, giving the possibility of manually adjusting the flow rate of coating product applied by the gun when the control member (10) is in an active configuration and of selecting the voltage/current characteristic when the control member is in an inactive configuration.