Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid.

Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid.

The present disclosure describes systems and methods to provide electrode cooling for material surface treatment systems. A cooling fluid is employed to cool electrodes with a high voltage applied. For example, a conduit conveys a cooling fluid through the electrode, as the conduit also provides electrification for the electrode by being connected to an electrical power source. Further, cooling is implemented by use of a voltage isolator disposed between the conduit and a reservoir, with the voltage isolator providing a pathway to a reference voltage for residual electric charge from the cooling fluid passing through the voltage isolator.

The present disclosure describes systems and methods to provide electrode cooling for material surface treatment systems. A cooling fluid is employed to cool electrodes with a high voltage applied. For example, a conduit conveys a cooling fluid through the electrode, as the conduit also provides electrification for the electrode by being connected to an electrical power source. Further, cooling is implemented by use of a voltage isolator disposed between the conduit and a reservoir, with the voltage isolator providing a pathway to a reference voltage for residual electric charge from the cooling fluid passing through the voltage isolator.

An electrostatic painting device capable of reducing any AC or electromagnetic emissions when the device is powered on is provided. The emissions affect electronic components present during painting of various objects or even when the device is powered on. The electromagnetic induction into the conductive circuit elements in turn induces voltages and currents, which potentially harm the micro-electronic circuits. One such device includes a choke between a fluid tip and a high voltage source of the device to reduce these emissions. The voltage source may include at least one capacitor which supplies the AC emissions representing electromagnetic emissions risk during the discharge of paint from the device. The choke connected to the voltage source substantially reduces the emissions involved during the paint discharge, while allowing the discharge of electrons, thereby imparting negative DC charge to the paint and the workpiece, and preventing damage to electronic circuits during the process.

An electrostatic painting device capable of reducing any AC or electromagnetic emissions when the device is powered on is provided. The emissions affect electronic components present during painting of various objects or even when the device is powered on. The electromagnetic induction into the conductive circuit elements in turn induces voltages and currents, which potentially harm the micro-electronic circuits. One such device includes a choke between a fluid tip and a high voltage source of the device to reduce these emissions. The voltage source may include at least one capacitor which supplies the AC emissions representing electromagnetic emissions risk during the discharge of paint from the device. The choke connected to the voltage source substantially reduces the emissions involved during the paint discharge, while allowing the discharge of electrons, thereby imparting negative DC charge to the paint and the workpiece, and preventing damage to electronic circuits during the process.

Electrospray devices are described. The devices may comprise a substrate and a plurality of emitters. The emitters may comprise a plurality of channels therein, wherein the channels may be configured to convey immiscible liquids to the distal end of the emitters. The channels may be arranged such that, at the distal end, one liquid enclosed another liquid. The device may comprise a plurality of reservoirs, each reservoir being configured to contain liquid therein and to convey the liquid to a respective channel. Core-shell droplets may be formed by forming Taylor cones through the application of an electric field. The core-shell droplets may include a core liquid enclosed within a shell liquid, wherein the two liquids may be immiscible.

Electrospray devices are described. The devices may comprise a substrate and a plurality of emitters. The emitters may comprise a plurality of channels therein, wherein the channels may be configured to convey immiscible liquids to the distal end of the emitters. The channels may be arranged such that, at the distal end, one liquid enclosed another liquid. The device may comprise a plurality of reservoirs, each reservoir being configured to contain liquid therein and to convey the liquid to a respective channel. Core-shell droplets may be formed by forming Taylor cones through the application of an electric field. The core-shell droplets may include a core liquid enclosed within a shell liquid, wherein the two liquids may be immiscible.

An electrode device includes a discharge electrode and a counter electrode, and discharges when a voltage is applied across the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. The discharge electrode is a columnar electrode having a discharge portion on its front end. The counter electrode faces the discharge portion. The counter electrode has a peripheral electrode portion and a projecting electrode portion. The peripheral electrode portion is disposed to surround an axis of the discharge electrode. The projecting electrode portion projects from a part of the peripheral electrode portion toward the axis of the discharge electrode. A distance from the peripheral electrode portion to the discharge portion is shorter than a distance from the projecting electrode portion to the discharge portion.

An electrode device includes a discharge electrode and a counter electrode, and discharges when a voltage is applied across the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. The discharge electrode is a columnar electrode having a discharge portion on its front end. The counter electrode faces the discharge portion. The counter electrode has a peripheral electrode portion and a projecting electrode portion. The peripheral electrode portion is disposed to surround an axis of the discharge electrode. The projecting electrode portion projects from a part of the peripheral electrode portion toward the axis of the discharge electrode. A distance from the peripheral electrode portion to the discharge portion is shorter than a distance from the projecting electrode portion to the discharge portion.