Propulsion systems, such as electrospray thrusters, may include an electrically actuated valve to permit a selective flow of propellant to a thruster. The valve may be located and arranged such that it physically separates a propellant, such as a source of ions, from a thruster of the propulsion system. In some embodiments, the application of a voltage potential to the valve may wet a plurality of through holes formed in the valve with the propellant such that the propellant flows through the valve to the thruster. After the valve has been opened, the propulsion system may be operated normally.

The present disclosure describes systems and methods to provide electrode cooling for material surface treatment systems. A cooling fluid is employed to cool electrodes with a high voltage applied. For example, a conduit conveys a cooling fluid through the electrode, as the conduit also provides electrification for the electrode by being connected to an electrical power source. Further, cooling is implemented by use of a voltage isolator disposed between the conduit and a reservoir, with the voltage isolator providing a pathway to a reference voltage for residual electric charge from the cooling fluid passing through the voltage isolator.

An industrial wastewater filtration membrane and method for manufacture is disclosed herein. The membrane has three layers: a support layer of nonwoven fabric such as PET, a polysulfone nanofiber filtering membrane layer, and a nanoporous polyamide active separating layer. The polysulfone layer is electrospun onto the support layer. The polyamide layer is electrosprayed onto the polysulfone layer. The resulting membrane has a pure water flux rate of at 0.48 MPa that is between 40-200 liters per square meter per hour, a rejection rate of sodium chloride of 10-85% with inlet sodium chloride concentration of 2000 ppm, and a rejection rate of magnesium sulphate of 80-97% with inlet magnesium sulphate concentration of 2000 ppm.

The present disclosure provides an electrostatic nozzle and a controllable jet minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding system. The electrostatic nozzle comprises a nozzle core; an upper nozzle body is connected above the nozzle core; a free space is formed between the upper nozzle body and the nozzle core for storing compressed air and reducing pressure; a lower nozzle body is connected below the nozzle core; a gas-liquid mixing chamber, an acceleration chamber and a nozzle outlet are sequentially arranged inside the nozzle core from top to bottom; and micro-bulges are uniformly distributed on an inner wall of the acceleration chamber.

An electrostatic sprayer operable at high flow rates and low pressures particularly suitable for spray drying. The sprayer includes an elongated body having a downstream spray nozzle assembly through which electrically charged liquid is directed via a central feed tube within the nozzle body and atomizing air is supplied via an annular passage about the liquid feed tube. In one embodiment, the nozzle assembly is an external mix cluster head spray nozzle assembly having a plurality of circumferentially spaced metallic spray tips. In another embodiment, the spray nozzle is an internal mix nozzle assembly having a spray tip with an internal mixing chamber for atomizing liquid prior to discharge.

A robotic electrostatic painting system includes a barrier formed from an electrical insulating material and disposed between adjacent reservoirs for holding a conductive paint used in an electrostatic painting operation. The barrier is shaped and dimensioned with a central plate and upper and lower flanges to block every straight line path between the reservoirs to electrostatically separate the reservoirs and prevent the formation of a ground path or short circuit when there is a voltage difference between the reservoirs. The electrostatic separation of the reservoirs further prevents deterioration of conductive components of the robotic electrostatic painting system.

A method for dispensing a sanitizing composition comprising a carrier fluid involves passing a carrier fluid under pressure through a nozzle and a chamber mounted to the nozzle. The chamber receives the carrier fluid from the nozzle and has an opening on an opposite side from the nozzle through which the carrier fluid exits the chamber. Ozone is provided to an interior of the chamber in the presence of the carrier fluid, and is irradiated with ultraviolet radiation as the carrier fluid and the ozone pass through an interior of the chamber.

Various embodiments comprise systems, methods, mechanisms, and apparatus for holding an amount of rooting (growing) media in which plant roots develop that electrically isolate the plant roots from an electric field used to deliver water and plant nutrients to that rooting media via a high-voltage, low-current electrospray system.

A sprayer includes a sprayer casing, a power module and a spray nozzle. The sprayer casing is configured to contain a liquid. The power module is connected to the sprayer casing and is configured to energize the liquid in the sprayer casing, so that the liquid carries a first charge. The spray nozzle is connected to the sprayer casing and is configured to atomize the liquid with the first charge and spray it onto the external object with the second charge. The first charge and the second charge are opposite. The sprayer of the present invention has an excellent atomization effect and an improved the utilization rate of the atomized liquid.

The invention is directed to a process for forming a particle film on a substrate. Preferably, a series of corona guns, staggered to optimize film thickness uniformity, are oriented on both sides of a slowly translating grounded substrate (copper or aluminum for the anode or cathode, respectively). The substrate is preferably slightly heated to induce binder flow, and passed through a set of hot rollers that further induce melting and improve film uniformity. The sheeting is collected on a roll or can be combined in-situ and rolled into a single-cell battery. The invention is also directed to products formed by the processes of the invention and, in particular, batteries.