A powder layer composite includes a base and a powder layer having a thickness of 100 ?m or less and disposed on the base. An average of a total value of a number of powder aggregates having a long diameter of 500 ?m or greater and a number of pinholes having a long diameter of 500 ?m or greater, in any of a plurality of different regions of 20 mm?20 mm on a surface of the powder layer, is 0.2 pieces/cm.sup.2 or less.

A powder center for supplying a powder coating facility with coating powder includes a powder reservoir container and a powder conveyor for transporting powder out of the powder reservoir container in the direction of the powder coating facility. Moreover, the powder center includes a container lid that covers the powder reservoir container while powder is being conveyed and can be removed at least partly for the purpose of cleaning the powder reservoir container. Moreover, a cleaning unit for cleaning the powder reservoir container that can be moved from a parking position next to the powder reservoir container into a cleaning position inside the powder reservoir container by a manipulator is provided. Moreover, the powder center includes a controller by which the powder conveyor, the cleaning unit, and the manipulator can be controlled.

A electrostatic powder feeder includes a body having a cavity. The cavity is shaped and sized to hold a supply of powder particles and is defined by a cavity wall. A diverter is disposed in the cavity and positioned away from the cavity wall so as to create a powder flow space between the diverter and cavity wall. The feeder includes an electrode and a powder landing surface connected to a power supply. The electrode is positioned remotely from the powder landing surface at a distance at which it can act upon powder resting upon the powder landing surface. An aperture through which powder particles may fall is disposed in or proximate to the powder landing surface. An insulator is positioned between the electrode and the powder landing surface. The power supply produces an alternating electric potential that creates an alternating electric field between the electrode and powder landing surface that causes powder particles to oscillate and eventually fall through the aperture. In an alternative embodiment, the powder landing surface is on a diaphragm connected to the body and disposed below the powder flow space. The diaphragm is sized and shaped to hold a quantity of powder falling from the powder flow space. The diaphragm includes an aperture. A vibration actuator is affixed to the diaphragm, which provides a vibratory force to the powder particles.

The present invention relates to preventing color transfer and sticking of powder-containing cosmetics to clothes or the like. A coating formation method of the present invention includes an electrostatic spraying step of electrostatically spraying a composition directly onto a skin surface onto which powder-containing cosmetics have been applied, thereby forming a coating on the skin. The composition contains a component (a) and a component (b) below. It is preferable that the method further includes a liquid agent applying step of applying a liquid agent containing one or more selected from water and oils that are in liquid form at 20? C. on the skin onto which the powder-containing cosmetics have been applied, wherein the liquid agent applying step is performed subsequent to the electrostatic spraying step. (a) One or more volatile substances selected from water, alcohols, and ketones; and (b) a polymer having a coating formation ability.

An electrostatic fluid delivery system that is configured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto a surface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into a spray that can be directed onto a surface, such as a surface to be cleaned. The system is powered by a DC (direct current) power system. The device can electrically or positively charge a liquid or gas.

A electrostatic powder feeder includes a body having a cavity. The cavity is shaped and sized to hold a supply of powder particles and is defined by a cavity wall. A diverter is disposed in the cavity and positioned away from the cavity wall so as to create a powder flow space between the diverter and cavity wall. The feeder includes an electrode and a powder landing surface connected to a power supply. The electrode is positioned remotely from the powder landing surface at a distance at which it can act upon powder resting upon the powder landing surface. An aperture through which powder particles may fall is disposed in or proximate to the powder landing surface. An insulator is positioned between the electrode and the powder landing surface. The power supply produces an alternating electric potential that creates an alternating electric field between the electrode and powder landing surface that causes powder particles to oscillate and eventually fall through the aperture. In an alternative embodiment, the powder landing surface is on a diaphragm connected to the body and disposed below the powder flow space. The diaphragm is sized and shaped to hold a quantity of powder falling from the powder flow space. The diaphragm includes an aperture. A vibration actuator is affixed to the diaphragm, which provides a vibratory force to the powder particles.

A small area electrostatic aerosol collector combines electrostatic collection of aerosol particles and electrohydrodynamic spraying of fluid so that a sample collected electrostatically can have fluid applied thereto. The fluid may assist with disaggregation and/or desalinization of biological material collected onto a sample substrate. A controller associated with the collector may control an electrostatic charge device and a spraying device such that the charge device and spraying device may operate in alternating fashion, or the charge device and spraying device may operate simultaneously. Further, mechanical systems are provided, for the disaggregation of particulate clusters collected onto a sample substrate.

A method of powder coating a substrate includes receiving a powder coating material into a feed input, using the feed input, melting the powder coating material into a homogeneous fluid of powder coating material, receiving the homogeneous fluid of powder coating material into a filament extension atomizer positioned in-line with the feed input, atomizing, with the filament extension atomizer, the received homogeneous fluid of powder coating material into multiple droplets of powder coating material, cooling the droplets of powder coating material to a processing temperature that prevents the droplets from agglomerating, and directing the cooled droplets through a deposition passage positioned in-line with the filament extension atomizer, the deposition passage configured to direct at least a portion of the cooled droplets towards a substrate.

An electrostatic spray application apparatus and method for producing an electrostatically charged and homogeneous CO.sub.2 composite spray mixture containing an additive and simultaneously projecting at a substrate surface. The spray mixture is formed in the space between CO.sub.2 and additive mixing nozzles and a substrate surface. The spray mixture is a composite fluid having a variably-controlled aerial and radial spray density comprising pressure- and temperature-regulated propellant gas (compressed air), CO.sub.2 particles, and additive particles. There are two or more circumferential and high velocity air streams containing passively charged CO.sub.2 particles which are positioned axis-symmetrically and coaxially about an inner and lower velocity injection air stream containing one or more additives to form a spray cluster. The axis-symmetrical CO.sub.2 particle-air streams are passively tribocharged during formation, and the spray clustering arrangement creates a significant electrostatic field and Coanda air mass flow between and surrounding the coaxial flow streams.

An electrostatic powder coating device comprises a shaped body extending along a longitudinal axis and housing an internal chamber configured to contain a fluid bed of powder coating. A closing plate of the internal chamber comprises a first intake duct of a powder coating into the internal chamber and a second intake duct of pressurized air into the internal chamber. The shaped body comprises first and second elements extending along the longitudinal axis, the first element comprising a first surface defining a lower portion of the internal chamber, the second element comprising a second surface defining an upper portion of the internal chamber connected to the first element. The first and second elements each comprise respective peripheral edges facing each other to form slits putting the internal chamber in communication with the outside of the shaped body, a plurality of electrodes arranged at the slits and connected to voltage generators.