A fluid ejector includes a fluid ejection module having a substrate and a layer separate from the substrate. The substrate includes a plurality of fluid ejection elements arranged in a matrix, each fluid ejection element configured to cause a fluid to be ejected from a nozzle. The layer separate from the substrate includes a plurality of electrical connections, each electrical connection adjacent to a corresponding fluid ejection element.

A fluid ejector includes a fluid ejection module having a substrate and a layer separate from the substrate. The substrate includes a plurality of fluid ejection elements arranged in a matrix, each fluid ejection element configured to cause a fluid to be ejected from a nozzle. The layer separate from the substrate includes a plurality of electrical connections, each electrical connection adjacent to a corresponding fluid ejection element.

A water irrigation system is provided for irrigating a plurality of zones. The water irrigation system includes a set of acoustic pressure modulators for generating a set of modulated acoustic pressure signals that include an actuating pressure signal and a de-actuating pressure signal. The set of acoustic pressure modulators include different subsets. The different subsets control different ones of the plurality of zones by selectively providing the same or different ones of the actuating and de-actuating pressure signals to the different ones of the plurality of zones at any given time. The water irrigation system further includes a set of acoustically-reactive irrigating elements disposed in each of the plurality of zones, each including an acoustically-reactive oscillating disk based water emitter. The acoustically-reactive oscillating disk based water emitter is selectively actuated or de-actuated responsive to the actuating pressure signal and the de-actuating pressure signal, respectively.

A water irrigation system is provided for irrigating a plurality of zones. The water irrigation system includes a set of acoustic pressure modulators for generating a set of modulated acoustic pressure signals that include an actuating pressure signal and a de-actuating pressure signal. The set of acoustic pressure modulators include different subsets. The different subsets control different ones of the plurality of zones by selectively providing the same or different ones of the actuating and de-actuating pressure signals to the different ones of the plurality of zones at any given time. The water irrigation system further includes a set of acoustically-reactive irrigating elements disposed in each of the plurality of zones, each including an acoustically-reactive oscillating disk based water emitter. The acoustically-reactive oscillating disk based water emitter is selectively actuated or de-actuated responsive to the actuating pressure signal and the de-actuating pressure signal, respectively.

A drive circuit is provided for controlling a solenoid valve having a solenoid coil. The drive circuit includes a first semiconductor device, a flyback circuit, and a processor. The first semiconductor is coupled in series with the coil and is controlled by a gate signal to energize the coil. The flyback circuit is in parallel with the coil and includes a series-coupled second semiconductor device and a diode. The second semiconductor is controlled by a flyback control signal to enable the flyback circuit when the first semiconductor is controlled by the gate signal to hold the valve open. The diode has a low forward voltage to slow decay of a current conducted through the coil. The processor generates the gate signal to control the first semiconductor and to reduce a duty cycle of the gate signal when the flyback circuit is enabled to reduce power consumption by the coil.

A water display is described including a wall or other structure upon which streams of water are shot. The direction, velocity, pressure and flow rate of the water streams may be varied to provide entertaining visual effects, which may also be choreographed with music, lighting or other features.

A plating apparatus 1 can perform plating processes by supplying plating liquids onto a surface of a substrate 2. The plating apparatus 1 includes a substrate rotating holder configured to hold and rotate the substrate 2; plating liquid supply units 29 and 30 configured to supply different kinds of plating liquids onto the surface of the substrate 2; a plating liquid drain unit 31 configured to drain out the plating liquids dispersed from the substrate 2 depending on the kinds of the plating liquids; and a controller 32 configured to control the substrate rotating holder 25, the plating liquid supply units 29 and 30, the plating liquid drain unit 31. While the substrate 2 is held and rotated, the plating processes are performed on the surface of the substrate 2 in sequence by supplying the different kinds of the plating liquids onto the surface of the substrate 2.

A plating apparatus 1 can perform plating processes by supplying plating liquids onto a surface of a substrate 2. The plating apparatus 1 includes a substrate rotating holder configured to hold and rotate the substrate 2; plating liquid supply units 29 and 30 configured to supply different kinds of plating liquids onto the surface of the substrate 2; a plating liquid drain unit 31 configured to drain out the plating liquids dispersed from the substrate 2 depending on the kinds of the plating liquids; and a controller 32 configured to control the substrate rotating holder 25, the plating liquid supply units 29 and 30, the plating liquid drain unit 31. While the substrate 2 is held and rotated, the plating processes are performed on the surface of the substrate 2 in sequence by supplying the different kinds of the plating liquids onto the surface of the substrate 2.

A method for painting a skin component of a vehicle includes conveying the skin component along a conveying direction. The method further includes controlling first and second painting robots by a control installation such that a first spraying tool of the first painting robot applies a first paint of a first color in a first sub-region and a second spraying tool of the second painting robot applies a second paint of a second color in a second sub-region, where in an overlap region within which the first sub-region overlaps the second sub-region, the first paint is applied over the second paint such that a quantity of the first paint is kept constant perpendicular to a painting direction and is reduced along the painting direction such that a color gradient from the first color to the second color is formed in the overlap region.

A method for painting a skin component of a vehicle includes conveying the skin component along a conveying direction. The method further includes controlling first and second painting robots by a control installation such that a first spraying tool of the first painting robot applies a first paint of a first color in a first sub-region and a second spraying tool of the second painting robot applies a second paint of a second color in a second sub-region, where in an overlap region within which the first sub-region overlaps the second sub-region, the first paint is applied over the second paint such that a quantity of the first paint is kept constant perpendicular to a painting direction and is reduced along the painting direction such that a color gradient from the first color to the second color is formed in the overlap region.