A system and/or method for coating a substrate. The system may include a chuck for holding and rotating the substrate, a dispensing subsystem for dispensing a coating material onto the substrate, and a shield member. The shield member may be movable towards and away from the substrate during the coating procedure. The shield member may have an inverted funnel shape. The shield member may include a central chamber through which a solvent vapor flows and a peripheral chamber that is fluidly separated from the central chamber through which a gas flows. During a coating procedure, the shield member may be moved very close to the substrate and the solvent vapor and gas may flow onto the substrate to create a solvent rich ambient around the substrate and prevent aerosols of the coating material from redepositing onto the substrate after being flung off due to spinning of the substrate.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a protective layer over a substrate. The hydrophilicity of the protective layer is reduced. A resist layer is formed over the protective layer, and the resist layer is patterned.

A method of applying heat shield material to form a heat shield layer on a crown surface of a piston of an engine is provided. The method includes the steps of disposing a dispenser that linearly discharges the heat shield material toward the crown surface, and moving an applied position of the heat shield material with respect to the crown surface in a circumferential direction of the crown surface, while discharging the heat shield material from the dispenser toward the crown surface.

Systems and methods for fabricating optical elements in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for fabricating an optical element, the method including providing a first optical substrate, depositing a first layer of a first optical recording material onto the first optical substrate, applying an optical exposure process to the first layer to form a first optical structure, temporarily erasing the first optical structure, depositing a second layer of a second optical recording material, and applying an optical exposure process to the second layer to form a second optical structure, wherein the optical exposure process includes using at least one light beam traversing the first layer.

Provided is a CNT film coated substrate in which CNT is fixed to a substrate using a click reaction, so that a CNT film is uniformly formed with a high density and adhesive strength between the CNT film and the substrate is excellent to have high stability to water or an organic solvent. In the case of the conventional CNT film which was manufactured by spin coating, most of CNT was peeled off in a washing process, but in the case of the CNT film coated substrate according to the present invention, a high-density uniform CNT film coated substrate may be manufactured even after washing, and reproducibility between substrates may be secured.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

The present invention relates generally to devices for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices for measurement of glucose in a host that incorporate a cellulosic-based resistance domain.

A coating method for coating parts in a dip-spin process is provided. The parts to be coated are dipped into a coating liquid and then centrifuged in at least one planetary basket arrangement in a planetary centrifuge. The planetary centrifuge includes a main rotor rotating about a main rotor axis of rotation and at least one planetary basket arrangement rotates about its planetary axis of rotation. Also, the planetary axis of rotation is arranged eccentrically on the main rotor. The at least one planetary basket arrangement can include a plurality of planetary baskets rotatably arranged about the planetary rotation axis of the at least one planetary basket arrangement and the planetary basket arrangement is rotated during a centrifuging operation.

The present invention provides a method of forming a crystalline or polycrystalline layer of an organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite material comprising a three-dimensional crystal structure represented by the formula AMX.sub.3, in which A represents an organic cation or a mixture of two or more different cations, at least one of which is an organic cation, M represents a divalent metal cation or a mixture of two or more different divalent metal cations, and X represents halide anions which are the same or different, the method comprising the steps of: (i) forming a first layer on the surface of a substrate, the first layer comprising an organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite material having a planar, layered two-dimensional crystal structure (ii) reacting the first layer with one or more organic halides to form the crystalline or polycrystalline layer comprising an organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite material having the formula AMX.sub.3. Also provided is an optoelectronic or photovoltaic device including an active layer comprising an organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite material comprising a three-dimensional crystal structure represented by the formula AMX.sub.3, wherein the material is obtainable using the above defined method.

The present invention provides a method for fabricating patterned cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite nanofibers and thin films for optical and electromagnetic sensor and actuator application, comprising the following steps of: selecting materials for fabricating patterned cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite nanofibers; and fabricating patterned CNCs composite nanofibers by incorporating secondary phases either during electrospinning or post-processing, wherein the secondary phases may include dielectrics, electrically or magnetically activated nanoparticles or polymers and biological cells mechanically reinforced by CNCs.