To lower electrical resistance by increasing the interfacial surface area and the adhesion between a current collector and an active material or an electrolyte, or between the active material and the electrolyte in an all-solid-state battery. In addition, to improve battery performance by eliminating or minimizing residual carbon originating from a binder. A slurry, composed of an electrode active material and a solvent, and a slurry, composed of electrolyte particles and a solvent, can be impacted against a target and thereby attached thereto to form a high-density layer and improve adhesion. Moreover, residual carbon is eliminated or minimized by eliminating or minimizing the content of binders, thereby improving battery performance.

A system and method for shaping and/or directing a spray stream includes electrostatically charging a spray stream by exposing fluid to be sprayed to an electrical field within a fluid sprayer to create an electrostatically charged spray stream, and then creating an electrical field between secondary electrodes externally to the fluid sprayer such that the electrostatically spray stream is shaped and/or redirected as it passes through the electrical field.

A system and method for shaping and/or directing a spray stream includes electrostatically charging a spray stream by exposing fluid to be sprayed to an electrical field within a fluid sprayer to create an electrostatically charged spray stream, and then creating an electrical field between secondary electrodes externally to the fluid sprayer such that the electrostatically spray stream is shaped and/or redirected as it passes through the electrical field.

Provided is a method of applying an electron beam curable aqueous coating material, including coating a surface of a material to be coated with the electron beam curable aqueous coating material to form a wet coating film; drying the wet coating film until a time integration value of a reciprocal of an average value of viscosities of a region from a surface of the wet coating film to a depth of one half a film thickness of the wet coating film is in a range of 0.30 (Pa.Math.s).sup.−1.Math.min to 0.90 (Pa.Math.s).sup.−1.Math.min, which is acquired by an electric field pick-up method, and a solid content concentration of the wet coating film is 90% by mass or greater; and curing the obtained dry coating film by irradiation with an electron beam after the wet coating film is dried.

Provided is a method of applying an electron beam curable aqueous coating material, including coating a surface of a material to be coated with the electron beam curable aqueous coating material to form a wet coating film; drying the wet coating film until a time integration value of a reciprocal of an average value of viscosities of a region from a surface of the wet coating film to a depth of one half a film thickness of the wet coating film is in a range of 0.30 (Pa.Math.s).sup.−1.Math.min to 0.90 (Pa.Math.s).sup.−1.Math.min, which is acquired by an electric field pick-up method, and a solid content concentration of the wet coating film is 90% by mass or greater; and curing the obtained dry coating film by irradiation with an electron beam after the wet coating film is dried.

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen.

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen.

A process for the large-scale manufacturing vertically standing hybrid nanometer scale structures of different geometries including fractal architecture of nanostructure within a nano/micro structures made of flexible materials, on a flexible substrate including textiles is disclosed. The structures increase the surface area of the substrate. The structures maybe coated with materials that are sensitive to various physical parameters or chemicals such as but not limited to humidity, pressure, atmospheric pressure, and electromagnetic signals originating from biological or non-biological sources, volatile gases and pH. The increased surface area achieved through the disclosed process is intended to improve the sensitivity of the sensors formed by coating of the structure and substrate with a material which can be used to sense physical parameters and chemicals as listed previously. An embodiment with the structures on a textile substrate coated with a conductive, malleable and bio-compatible sensing material for use as a biopotential measurement electrode is provided.

Aqueous antimicrobial coating compositions are disclosed comprising at least one organosilane homopolymer, present as a distribution of polymer chain lengths, and optionally at least one amine. A method of preparing an antimicrobial coating comprises coating a surface with the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition and allowing the composition to dry into a film that exhibits residual antimicrobial efficacy against microorganisms even after mechanical abrasion of the coating. The organosilane homopolymer may comprise only 3-aminopropylsilanetriol homopolymer, mixtures of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol homopolymer, 3-chloropropylsilanetriol homopolymer and 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride homopolymer, or any one of various unique organosilane homopolymers having multiple amine functionality.

Aqueous antimicrobial coating compositions are disclosed comprising at least one organosilane homopolymer, present as a distribution of polymer chain lengths, and optionally at least one amine. A method of preparing an antimicrobial coating comprises coating a surface with the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition and allowing the composition to dry into a film that exhibits residual antimicrobial efficacy against microorganisms even after mechanical abrasion of the coating. The organosilane homopolymer may comprise only 3-aminopropylsilanetriol homopolymer, mixtures of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol homopolymer, 3-chloropropylsilanetriol homopolymer and 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride homopolymer, or any one of various unique organosilane homopolymers having multiple amine functionality.