Composite structures composed of a coating applied to a substrate and provided, along with a process for applying a coating to a substrate to form the composite structure. Coatings described herein provide at least one of the following properties: nano-sized surface roughness; enhanced hydrophobic function; high transmittance; improved hardness; improved scratch resistance; and desirable bending properties. The coating method includes mixing coating particulates having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less with a transfer gas, transferring the mixture to an application nozzle, and spraying coating particulates on the substrate under low pressure conditions to form a coating having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less.

Composite structures composed of a coating applied to a substrate and provided, along with a process for applying a coating to a substrate to form the composite structure. Coatings described herein provide at least one of the following properties: nano-sized surface roughness; enhanced hydrophobic function; high transmittance; improved hardness; improved scratch resistance; and desirable bending properties. The coating method includes mixing coating particulates having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less with a transfer gas, transferring the mixture to an application nozzle, and spraying coating particulates on the substrate under low pressure conditions to form a coating having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to prepare an aircraft surface, including depositing a first solution on a substrate on the aircraft surface, the substrate having a first charge, the first solution having a second charge opposite the first charge, the first solution including a carrier fluid, removing a first amount of the first solution deposited on the substrate to form a first layer on the substrate, depositing a second solution on the first layer, the second solution having the first charge, the second solution including the carrier fluid, and removing a second amount of the second solution deposited on the first layer to form a second layer on the first layer to prepare the aircraft surface.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to prepare an aircraft surface, including depositing a first solution on a substrate on the aircraft surface, the substrate having a first charge, the first solution having a second charge opposite the first charge, the first solution including a carrier fluid, removing a first amount of the first solution deposited on the substrate to form a first layer on the substrate, depositing a second solution on the first layer, the second solution having the first charge, the second solution including the carrier fluid, and removing a second amount of the second solution deposited on the first layer to form a second layer on the first layer to prepare the aircraft surface.

A multi-patch threaded fastener includes a shank having a threaded portion and two or more polymer patches disposed on the shank. The two or more polymer patches are configured to wedge against a mating threaded component to promote contact between non-patched threaded portions of the shank and the mating threaded component to resist removal from the mating threaded component. A method of making the multi-patch threaded fastener includes positioning two or more nozzles for dispensing a patch material at locations corresponding to desired patch locations on the shank, conveying the shank past two or more nozzles, and dispensing the patch material from each nozzle onto the shank to form the two or more polymer patches on the shank.

A Wurster processor and a powder feed system are coupled via an eductor so as to supply dry powder through the air diverter sleeve of the Wurster for discharging onto the circulating particles during operation of the Wurster. Agglomeration and aggregation of the particles is eliminated or minimized by isolating or separating the liquid spray by the spray gun from the dry powder.

A method to prevent corrosion of a susceptible article of a two-article system, in which first and second articles of the two-article system have surfaces facing one another and in which the two articles have different anodic indices includes applying a coating material to the surface of the first article and curing the coating material on the surface of the first article. The method further includes contacting and securing the surface of the first article with the surface of the second article. The two articles exhibit substantially no corrosion following exposure to a corrosive environment under standard GMW17026 for a 15 year simulated test.

A method to prevent corrosion of a susceptible article of a two-article system, in which first and second articles of the two-article system have surfaces facing one another and in which the two articles have different anodic indices includes applying a coating material to the surface of the first article and curing the coating material on the surface of the first article. The method further includes contacting and securing the surface of the first article with the surface of the second article. The two articles exhibit substantially no corrosion following exposure to a corrosive environment under standard GMW17026 for a 15 year simulated test.

A wet cylinder liner for internal combustion engines may include a cylindrical body composed of a ferrous alloy having a circumferential outer surface. The cylindrical body may include a first layer and a second layer disposed sequentially on the outer surface. The first layer may include at least one of at least one silicon and at least one two-component epoxy adhesive. The second layer may include a silane-elastomer compound. The silane-elastomer compound may include nanoparticles of silicon oxide and an adhesion modifier additive. The second layer may be configured as an interface between a cooling fluid and the first layer, as well as to resist erosion by cavitation. The first layer may facilitate an interface for resistance at high temperatures.

A wet cylinder liner for internal combustion engines may include a cylindrical body composed of a ferrous alloy having a circumferential outer surface. The cylindrical body may include a first layer and a second layer disposed sequentially on the outer surface. The first layer may include at least one of at least one silicon and at least one two-component epoxy adhesive. The second layer may include a silane-elastomer compound. The silane-elastomer compound may include nanoparticles of silicon oxide and an adhesion modifier additive. The second layer may be configured as an interface between a cooling fluid and the first layer, as well as to resist erosion by cavitation. The first layer may facilitate an interface for resistance at high temperatures.