Comparative effectiveness of various oral care products such as dentifrices on preventing dental erosion may be demonstrated using simulated enamel A substrate is prepared. A mineral layer to simulate dental enamel is nucleated by solution growth on the substrate surface. Alternatively, the mineral layer may be nucleated on a template comprising a self-assembled monolayer formed on a gold layer deposited on the substrate surface. The mineral layer may comprise a homogeneous layer of hydroxyapatite or a thin veneer of hydroxyapatite on a layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. The simulated enamel is then optionally treated with an oral care product and subjected to an acid challenge. The amount of mineral layer remaining after the acid challenge illustrates the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of the oral care product at preventing dental erosion.

Provided are a nano structure, a fabrication method thereof, and an application device using the same. The nano structure includes: a substrate; a plurality of linkers formed over the substrate; and one or more metallic nanoparticles grown from a plurality of metal ions bonded to the linkers. In the nano structure, metallic nanoparticles may have an average particle diameter of about 0.5 to 3.0 nm.

A method includes coating a substrate to provide a flame resistant substrate. In an embodiment, the method includes exposing the substrate to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer deposited on the substrate. The cationic solution comprises cationic materials. The cationic materials comprise a polymer, a colloidal particle, a nanoparticle, a nitrogen-rich molecule, or any combinations thereof. The method further includes exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer deposited on the cationic layer to produce a layer comprising the anionic layer and the cationic layer. The anionic solution comprises a layerable material.

A composition for pattern formation includes a block copolymer and a solvent. The block copolymer is capable of forming a phase separation structure through directed self-assembly. The block copolymer includes a first block and a second block. The first block includes a first repeating unit which includes at least two silicon atoms. The second block includes a second repeating unit which does not include a silicon atom. A sum of the atomic weight of atoms constituting the first repeating unit is no greater than 700.

The present invention pertains to a method for producing a graphene-coated steel sheet, the method comprising the steps of: modifying the surface of the steel sheet so that the surface is negatively charged; forming a positively-charged first graphene oxide layer on the surface-modified steel sheet; forming a negatively-charged second graphene oxide layer on the first graphene oxide layer; and heat-treating the steel sheet on which the first and second graphene oxide layers are formed. The present invention provides a graphene coating method which can be easily applied to large-area coating through a simple process without a special dispersant or binder, and has the effect of allowing the excellent physical properties of graphene to be more efficiently exhibited.

The present invention pertains to a method for producing a graphene-coated steel sheet, the method comprising the steps of: modifying the surface of the steel sheet so that the surface is negatively charged; forming a positively-charged first graphene oxide layer on the surface-modified steel sheet; forming a negatively-charged second graphene oxide layer on the first graphene oxide layer; and heat-treating the steel sheet on which the first and second graphene oxide layers are formed. The present invention provides a graphene coating method which can be easily applied to large-area coating through a simple process without a special dispersant or binder, and has the effect of allowing the excellent physical properties of graphene to be more efficiently exhibited.

A composition and methods for depositing a monomolecular layer of alkanethiol on a metallic surface in under 10 minutes are provided. The monomolecular layer of alkanethiol is applied using economical and reliable methods, such as by burnishing or ultrasonic bathing. The composition removes extra layers of alkanethiol to allow a single, even self-assembled monomolecular layer to form on the metallic surface, which enhances the tarnish-resistance of the surface and lubricates the surface.

A surface-treated fluidic channel is provided comprising a dispensing device that comprises a microarray of microchannels. The fluidic channel is made from metal and comprises a surface and a hydrophobic coating layer comprising a self-assembled monolayer of an organophosphorus acid adhered to the surface. A mesh nebulizer comprising a reservoir and a dispensing device comprising a microarray of microchannels is also provided. A metal surface layer is applied to the interior and exterior surfaces of the reservoir and dispensing device, and a hydrophobic coating layer comprising an organo-silicon or a self-assembled monolayer of an organophosphorus acid is adhered to the metal surface layer, usually on the exterior surfaces of the reservoir and dispensing device. A hydrophilic polymeric coating layer may be chemically bonded to and propagated from terminal functional groups on the hydrophobic coating layer on the interior surfaces of the reservoir and dispensing device.