A chelating agent prevents or mitigates discoloration for clumping pet litter containing raw clay seeds coated with bentonite. The chelating agent can be added directly to the raw clay seeds and/or dry mixed with bentonite prior to coating the seeds with the bentonite. Preferably, preheating and agglomeration steps are eliminated to thereby significantly reduce energy and water consumption.

A chelating agent prevents or mitigates discoloration for clumping pet litter containing raw clay seeds coated with bentonite. The chelating agent can be added directly to the raw clay seeds and/or dry mixed with bentonite prior to coating the seeds with the bentonite. Preferably, preheating and agglomeration steps are eliminated to thereby significantly reduce energy and water consumption.

A system for producing a layer of aligned carbon nanotubes, the system comprising: a sprayer, a solution delivery tube configured to deliver a carbon nanotube solution to the sprayer, and a reservoir configured to contain a subphase. The sprayer is configured to generate a continuous spray of the carbon nanotube solution. The continuous floating layer is supported by the subphase. The spray of carbon nanotube solution includes droplets of the carbon nanotube solution, the droplets having a median diameter in a range from about 1 to about 100 microns. The sprayer maintains the continuous floating layer of carbon nanotube solution on the subphase as a substrate is inserted into or removed from the subphase, the carbon nanotube solution being in contact with the substrate.

The present disclosure relates to a combined treatment method for surface modification of fumed silica, which comprises the following steps: (1) two sets of modification devices are used to jointly treat fumed silica; the fumed silica is modified with a modifier in the reaction furnace of each set of modification devices to obtain two groups of modified fumed silica and exhaust gas respectively; (2) the exhaust gas obtained in step (1) is separated respectively to obtain unreacted modifier and by-products, and the obtained by-products are input into the reaction furnace of the other set of modification devices as reaction assistants to participate in the modification reaction; and the obtained unreacted modifiers are returned to the reaction furnace of the original modification device for repeated use.

A heating element for in-flight de-icing of aircraft is disclosed. The heating element includes a carbon fiber material that is designed to be arranged on a component of an aircraft. The carbon fiber material includes at least two electrical contacts for connecting to an electrical wiring system, and at least one insulation layer for electrical insulation.

A heating element for in-flight de-icing of aircraft is disclosed. The heating element includes a carbon fiber material that is designed to be arranged on a component of an aircraft. The carbon fiber material includes at least two electrical contacts for connecting to an electrical wiring system, and at least one insulation layer for electrical insulation.

A continuous dosage form coating apparatus uses vibrational impulses to maintain a dosage forms in a fluid state to expose them to a coating material atomized by spraying.

Protective coatings and methods for applying the same are described. A protective coating may be formed on a substrate to reduce or eliminate corrosion or other damage to the substrate. The protective coating may include at least one primer layer applied onto the substrate. The at least one primer layer may include polyphenylene sulfide. The at least one primer layer may be formed from polyphenylene sulfide and a partially halogenated material. At least one intermediate layer may be applied onto the at least one primer layer. The intermediate layer may include polyphenylene sulfide and a partially halogenated material. At least one top layer may be applied onto the at least one intermediate layer. The at least one top layer may consist essentially of a partially halogenated material. The at least one top layer may include polyphenylene sulfide and a partially halogenated material.

Protective coatings and methods for applying the same are described. A protective coating may be formed on a substrate to reduce or eliminate corrosion or other damage to the substrate. The protective coating may include at least one primer layer applied onto the substrate. The at least one primer layer may include polyphenylene sulfide. The at least one primer layer may be formed from polyphenylene sulfide and a partially halogenated material. At least one intermediate layer may be applied onto the at least one primer layer. The intermediate layer may include polyphenylene sulfide and a partially halogenated material. At least one top layer may be applied onto the at least one intermediate layer. The at least one top layer may consist essentially of a partially halogenated material. The at least one top layer may include polyphenylene sulfide and a partially halogenated material.

A coating composition including an inorganic sol material and an organic colorant is applied to mineral particles and cured at a temperature less than 200 degrees Celsius.