A system (100) for additively manufacturing a composite part (102) is disclosed. The system (100) comprises a housing (104) and a nozzle (107). The nozzle (107) is supported by the housing (104). The nozzle (107) comprises an outlet (110), sized to dispense a continuous flexible line (112). The continuous flexible line (112) comprises a non-resin component (114) and a photopolymer-resin component (116). The system (100) also comprises a feed mechanism (118), supported within the housing (104). The feed mechanism (118) is configured to push the continuous flexible line (112) out of the outlet (110) of the nozzle (107). The system (100) further comprises a light source (120), supported by the housing (104). The light source (120) is configured to deliver a light beam to the continuous flexible line (112) after the continuous flexible line (112) exits the outlet (110) of the nozzle (107) to at least partially cure the photopolymer-resin component (116) of the continuous flexible line (112).

A system (700) for additively manufacturing a composite part (102) comprises a delivery guide (112), movable relative to a surface (114). The delivery guide (112) is configured to deposit at least a segment (120) of a continuous flexible line (106) along a print path (122). The continuous flexible line (106) comprises a non-resin component (108) and a thermosetting-resin component (110). The thermosetting-resin component (110) comprises a first part (253) and a second part (255). The non-resin component (108) comprises a first element (271) and a second element (273). The system (700) further comprises a first resin-part applicator (236), configured to apply the first part (253) to the first element (271), and a second resin-part applicator (237), configured to apply the second part (255) to the second element (273). The system (700) also comprises a feed mechanism (104), configured to pull the first element (271) through the first resin-part applicator (236), to pull the second element (273) through the second resin-part applicator (237), and to push the continuous flexible line (106) out of the delivery guide (112).

Various embodiments provide a method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of at least one layer of a powder bed provided on a work table in an additive manufacturing machine, which parts corresponds to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article. The method comprises the steps of: applying a layer of predetermined thickness of powder particles on the work table, applying a coating on at least a portion of the powder particles, which coating is at least partially covering the powder particles, and fusing the powder particles on the work table with an electron beam.

A system and a method for providing a film having a matte finish is described. A coatable material is applied to a substrate. The viscosity of the coatable material is changed and a face-side roller having patterned features thereon contacts the coatable material to impart a matte finish thereon; and hardening the coatable material.

A decorative sheet includes a primary film layer and a surface protection layer provided on one surface of the primary film layer. The surface protection layer has, in its surface, a ridged portion protruding in a ridged pattern to form an irregular shape. The irregular shape of the surface protection layer has RSm/Ra within the range of 10 or greater and 300 or smaller. The surface protection layer includes an ionizing radiation-curable resin as a main material. The ionizing radiation-curable resin is a trifunctional acrylic resin with the main component having a repeating structure. The repeating structure is any of an ethylene oxide structure, a propylene oxide structure, and an -caprolactone structure. The single-bonded carbon ratio in the main component of the ionizing radiation-curable resin falls within the range of 0.725 or greater and 0.955 or smaller.

A decorative sheet includes: a primary film layer; and a surface protective layer, wherein the surface protective layer has a gloss level of 15 or less, the surface protective layer includes a ridged portion projecting in a ridged pattern from a surface of the surface protective layer to form an uneven shape on the surface, the surface protective layer contains an ionizing radiation-curable resin as a main material, the ionizing radiation-curable resin contains, as a main component, a tetrafunctional acrylic resin having a repeating structure, the number of repetitions of the repeating structure is 12 or more, a content of vinyl groups contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin is 20% or less relative to carbonyl groups contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin, and the uneven shape of the surface protective layer (5) has RSm/Ra in a range of 10 or greater and 300 or less.

A superstrate can include a body, a first layer, and a second layer, wherein the first layer is disposed between the body and the second layer. Each of the first and second layers has a proximal surface and a distal surface opposite the proximal surface, wherein the body is closer to the proximal surface than to the distal surface. An Ra of the distal surface of the second layer is less than an Ra of the distal surface of the first layer. In a method of making the superstrate, the relatively high Ra of the distal surface of the first layer may be related to the process or equipment used in forming the first layer. The second layer can be formed using another superstrate, where the Ra of the distal surface of the second layer is substantially the same as the contact surface of the other superstrate.

Method of coating a substrate comprising the steps of: i) applying to the substrate a radiation curable aqueous composition comprising a dispersed polymeric binder, ii) thermally drying the aqueous coating composition and iii) electron beam curing the coating composition, the method being characterized by the fact that the aqueous coating composition is a physically drying, film-forming aqueous composition and that the curing is performed in air atmosphere.

A carbon film formation method includes applying a carbon film raw material onto a substrate using a spin coating method to form a carbon-containing film on the substrate, and heating and firing the carbon-containing film to form a carbon film, and irradiating the carbon film with helium ions.

A decorative sheet includes a primary film layer and a surface protection layer, the surface protection layer has a gloss level of 15 or less, the surface protection layer includes on a surface thereof a ridged portion protruding in a ridged pattern and thus has an irregular shape formed on the surface, the surface protection layer contains an ionizing radiation-curable resin as a main material, the ionizing radiation-curable resin contains as a main component a trifunctional acrylic resin having a repeating structure, the repeating structure is any of an ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or & -caprolactone structure, the number of repetitions of the repeating structure is 3 or more, and vinyl groups contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin is 20% or less relative to carbonyl groups contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin.