A poured, seamless polyurethane floor includes woodgrain markings and floorboard markings protected within a top clear coating, thereby to achieve a poured seamless floor with a “wood look.” The woodgrain markings are achieved by moving a heavy brush through the wear layer, during installation, prior to curing. The longitudinal floorboard markings may be achieved by moving a line marking apparatus over the upper layer, parallel with the woodgrain markings, after the wear layer has cured. The line marking apparatus assures distinct parallel floorboard lines on the wear layer, due to the use of permanent markers held in a downwardly biased, spring-loaded condition during movement of the apparatus over the floor. The installer then marks the transverse floorboard lines. A top coat seals and protects the woodgrain marking and the floorboard lines, thereby resulting in a seamless, poured polyurethane floor with a permanent wood look.

Gloss of a surface having a concave-convex structure is measured, and R/V, which is a ratio of a diffuse specular reflection intensity R to a sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities (in formula, the diffuse specular reflection intensity R represents a diffuse reflection intensity measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer in a diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film, and the sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities represents a sum total of diffuse reflection intensities measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer for every 1 degree from −45 degrees up to 45 degrees, including 0 degrees, with respect to the diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film), is evaluated to manufacture an anti-glare film. The above-described method enables an anti-glare film having high anti-glare properties and high contrast to be manufactured at high productivity.

In an example, a device cover may comprise a substrate and a metal luster layer having a lustrous paint formulation applied to an outer surface of the substrate. The lustrous paint formulation may comprise base particles with surfaces partially coated with metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles may be disposed in a non-continuous manner on the base particles.

In one or more embodiments, the present invention provides a method of applying or printing structural colors to a substrate that involves pre-treatment of the substrate surface to prevent absorption of the fluid containing the particles. This allows the fluid to maintain their sessile drop shapes and as the water evaporates, the colloidal particles spontaneously assemble within the confined geometry into semi-ordered structures that interact with light to produce structural color. While the pre-treatment may be done in a variety of ways, application of a, hydrophobic and/or oleophobic coating, like 1H-IH,2H-perfluoro-1-dodecene (C.sub.10F.sub.21—CH═CH.sub.2) (perfluoro) monomer, fluoroalkyls, fluorohydroalkyls, cyclo-fluoroalkyls, fluorobenzen, by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (cold plasma treatment) has been found to be effective, particularly for printing applications. These treated substrates allow production of a wide range of structural colors using binary systems of nanoparticles.

The present disclosure relates to a process for applying a paint pattern to a surface. More specifically the present disclosure is directed to a process for applying paint in a spattered pattern to substantially match the pattern of a granulated surface such as, for example, a surface of concrete or granite. In an embodiment, the pattern application may be applied in an automated process.

According to one embodiment, a solar device, comprises one or more photovoltaic cells disposed in an encapsulant and a light control structure including a louver film having a series of louver structures, wherein each louver structure includes one or more groupings of a plurality magnetizable particles aligned at least in a first orientation dispersed in a binding matrix. The light control structure substantially transmits light incident at a first angle and substantially limits transmission of light incident at a second angle. Each louver structure is spaced apart from an adjacent louver structure, wherein each louver structure is substantially aligned in a plane substantially parallel to an adjacent louver structure.

A method may include bonding a deformable bounding element to a structural support element in which the deformable bounding element and a cavity-adjacent side of the structural support element define a cavity. The method may further include filling the cavity with a deformable medium by injecting the deformable medium past a cavity-opposite side of the structural support element and toward the cavity-adjacent side of the structural support element. The method may additionally include sealing an entry point of the injection of the deformable medium into the cavity. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

The present invention is directed to an article, especially a door and a door component, such as a door facing (or door skin), having a pattern, preferably a woodgrain pattern. This invention also is directed to a method of making the door and the door component such as the door facing (or door skin) by inkjet printing of a pattern on the door facing (or door skin). The printing direction and ink droplets are provided to deliver a high quality image.

According to the present disclosure, an isotropic structural colour printing process is provided. The process comprising (a) providing an ink composition comprising ink particles (such as polymeric particles (e.g. polystyrene), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (e.g. ZIF-8)) in a liquid reagent; and (b) depositing the ink composition onto a surface of a substrate (e.g. anodic aluminium oxide membrane, photo papers). Due to capillary action and/or absorption of the liquid reagent, the ink particles form an amorphous arrangement of structures that lead to isotropic structural colour. In the preferred embodiment, the ink particles may further be coated with a catechol group (such as polydopamine). An apparatus for detecting a target substance in the gaseous phase, wherein the apparatus comprises a nanostructure capable of exhibiting a change in isotropic structural colour when one or more molecules of the target substance are entrapped as an indication that the target substance is present, is also provided.

A composition is provided which contains an organic zinc compound represented by general formula R.sup.1ZnR.sup.1, in which R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an organic metal compound containing a metal element whose oxide has a band gap smaller than 3.2 eV. The composition can be used to form a zinc oxide film by a droplet coating method, such as a spray coating method, at a base material temperature of less than 200 C. A method for producing a zinc oxide film involves coating the composition in the form of droplets at a base material temperature of less than 200 C. to form the zinc oxide film. Using this method, it is possible to provide a zinc oxide thin film having an ultraviolet ray absorption ability, excellent visible light permeability, and a thickness of 1 m or less.