A printing method includes forming an image by applying marking material onto the surface of a substrate; subjecting the image to a fixation treatment; and applying a layer of an ionically stabilized varnish on the surface of the image. When the image has been formed, a layer of liquid solvent is formed on at least a part of the surface of the image, thereby causing ions to migrate from the marking material into the solvent and then to be absorbed into the substrate together with a part of the solvent before the varnish s applied.

There is provided a technique to strongly integrate a galvanized steel sheet and a resin molded article. A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is immersed in an aqueous solution for aluminum degreasing to form a specific roughness on the surface. The surface is covered with convex protrusions having a diameter of about 100 nm, and a chromate treatment layer appears in the surface. A resin composition comprising 70 to 97 wt % of polyphenylene sulfide and 3 to 30 wt % of a polyolefin resin is injected onto the surface. The resin composition penetrates into ultra-fine irregularities and is cured in that state, and thereby a composite in which the galvanized steel sheet and the resin molded article are strongly integrated can be obtained. The shear rupture strength of the composite is extremely high.

An installation and a method for applying coatings to automotive enlarged pieces are disclosed. The installation comprises an elevated conveyor, wherein the enlarged pieces are vertically hanged up; a formation section of an anticorrosive coating on the surface of the enlarged piece; a drying section of the enlarged piece on which the coating has been formed; a masking section wherein some portions of the piece are covered; a paint application section wherein the enlarged piece is coated with paint; an unmasking section of the piece in which the previous masked portions are uncovered; wherein the elevated conveyor continuous and vertically conveys the enlarged pieces along each of the sections in the installation.

A method for electroless coating of a substrate by applying an activating coat of polyelectrolyte or salt with a first aqueous composition, rinsing of the activating coat such that the activating coat is not entirely removed The activated surface that has remained after rinsing is then contacted with an aqueous composition in the form of a solution, emulsion or suspension to form an organic secondary coat (precipitation coat), and drying. The activating coat contains at least one cationic polyelectrolyte or at least one cationic salt in solution in water. The aqueous composition which forms the secondary coat contains constituents which can be precipitated, deposited and/or salted out and which are anionically, zwitterionically, sterically or cationically stabilized. The dry film formed in the process, which is made of the activating coat and the secondary coat, has a thickness of at least 1 m.

A method for electroless coating of substrates by applying an activating coat of polyelectrolyte or salt with a first aqueous composition; rinsing the activating coat such that the activating coat not being entirely removed; contacting and coating of the activated surfaces that have remained after rinsing with an aqueous composition in the form of a solution, emulsion or suspension, to form an organic secondary coat; and drying. The activating coat is a solution, emulsion or suspension containing a anionic polyelectrolyte or at least one anionic salt in solution in water. The aqueous composition forming the secondary coat has constituents which can be precipitated, deposited or salted out and which are anionically, zwitterionically, sterically or cationically stabilized. The dry film formed in the process, comprising the activating coat and the secondary coat, has a thickness of at least 1 m.

It is provided a method for producing an abrasion- and water-resistant multilayer panel, in particular an abrasion- and water-resistant flooring panel, including the steps: providing at least one plastic carrier plate, in particular a PVC carrier plate; applying at least one base coat to the surface of the plastic carrier plate; printing the plastic carrier plate by direct printing to form a decorative layer; applying at least one first cover layer to the printed decorative layer; uniformly scattering abrasion-resistant particles onto the at least one cover layer applied to the decorative layer; applying at least one second covering layer to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles; optionally, introducing a structure into the at least second cover layer, applying at least one lacquer layer, and curing the layer structure.

A nanocomposite includes a stack that includes at least one bilayer. Each of the bilayers independently includes an anionic layer and cationic layer. The anionic layer includes a polyanionic polymer, first particles, or a combination thereof. The cationic layer includes a polycationic polymer, second particles, or a combination thereof. The anionic layer is in planar contact with the cationic layer. In each of the bilayers, the anionic layer includes the polyanionic polymer, the cationic includes the polycationic polymer, or a combination thereof.

A corrosion resistant wheel including a body having an outer surface and an inner surface, and a mounting plate having a front surface and a rear surface, wherein the body is adapted for securement to a vehicle and/or trailer, a primary anticorrosion layer associated with at least one of the inner and outer surfaces of the wheel body and/or at least one of the front and rear surfaces of the mounting plate, an optional secondary layer associated with the primary anticorrosion layer, and a tertiary layer associated with the secondary layer.