In order to achieve further improvement in flaw resistance, the present invention includes: a metal sheet; and a color film layer positioned on the metal sheet, wherein: on a surface, of the metal sheet, on a side on which at least the color film layer is positioned, a first region and a second region that are specified by a measuring method of an arithmetic mean surface roughness Sa are present; and the color film layer has a thickness of 1 to 10 ?m, and contains particles having a particle diameter equal to or larger than the thickness.

To further improve, even under OT bending with the use of a ZnAlMg-based alloy plated steel sheet as a base sheet, corrosion resistance regarding corrosion under paint film at a OT bent portion and a periphery thereof, without causing occurrence of cracks and peeling in the paint film.

A pre-coated plated steel sheet according to the present invention includes: a plating layer composed of ZnAlMg-based alloy plating, the plating layer being positioned on one side or both sides of a steel sheet; a chemical treatment film layer positioned on the plating layer; and a paint film layer positioned on the chemical treatment film, in which the paint film layer includes a primer paint film layer, and an upper paint film layer positioned on the primer paint film layer, and at least any of the following is satisfied: both a condition (a-1) and a condition (a-2); a condition (b); and a condition (c).

Comparative effectiveness of various oral care products such as dentifrices on preventing dental erosion may be demonstrated using simulated enamel A substrate is prepared. A mineral layer to simulate dental enamel is nucleated by solution growth on the substrate surface. Alternatively, the mineral layer may be nucleated on a template comprising a self-assembled monolayer formed on a gold layer deposited on the substrate surface. The mineral layer may comprise a homogeneous layer of hydroxyapatite or a thin veneer of hydroxyapatite on a layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. The simulated enamel is then optionally treated with an oral care product and subjected to an acid challenge. The amount of mineral layer remaining after the acid challenge illustrates the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of the oral care product at preventing dental erosion.

A method for producing a component with a predetermined gloss level, including the steps of: preparing a component with a metallic surface; producing a matte/glossy mixture by mixing glossy paint and matte paint in a predetermined mixing ratio; applying the matte/glossy mixture to the metallic surface of the component; and cross-linking the matte/glossy mixture.

Comparative effectiveness of various oral care products such as dentifrices on preventing dental erosion may be demonstrated using simulated enamel. A substrate is prepared. A mineral layer to simulate dental enamel is nucleated by solution growth on the substrate surface. Alternatively, the mineral layer may be nucleated on a template comprising a self-assembled monolayer formed on a gold layer deposited on the substrate surface. The mineral layer may comprise a homogeneous layer of hydroxyapatite or a thin veneer of hydroxyapatite on a layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. The simulated enamel is then optionally treated with an oral care product and subjected to an acid challenge. The amount of mineral layer remaining after the acid challenge illustrates the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of the oral care product at preventing dental erosion.

A method for treating surfaces of fasteners made of titanium alloy or corrosion-resistant steel using a sol-gel pretreatment process prior to the application of an aluminum pigment coating. The sol-gel pretreatment process produces an interface film on the fastener surface, which interface film comprises an organometallic-based network system. The interface film aids in improving adhesion and surface roughness when fasteners are used in interference fit conditions (i.e., the hole diameter is smaller than the fastener shank diameter).

A new system has a plurality of modular segments flexibly attached to one other and a source of electrical power and plating and coating solutions at the rear of the plurality of modular segments. The plurality of modular segments include a drive stage configured to push the plurality of modular segments along a surface, a plating stage configured to apply the plating solution to the surface under a pre-set operating current density to deposit metal or metal alloy onto the surface, a surface treatment application stage configured to apply the coating solution to the surface, and a curing stage configured to cure the coating solution to form a final coating on the surface that is resistant to corrosion, chemical attacks and chemical buildup.

The present invention relates to razor blade cutting edges and methods of producing edges exhibiting improved shave performance longevity and lower cutting forces. Conventional razor blades have increasing cutting forces with use due to the outer coating wear and adhesion loss. Blade edges produced according to the novel process exhibit significantly lower cutting forces when subjected to wool felt cutting shaving simulation, which correlates to more comfortable shaves initially and over the life of the blades. The present invention treats razor blade edges having a first adherent polyfluorocarbon coating with a first solvent to partially remove the polyfluorocarbon coating, adds a second polyfluorocarbon coating, heats, and treats the blade edge with a second solvent providing a final blade edge having a thin, uniform polyfluorocarbon coating. Preferred solvents include perfluoroalkanes, perfluorocycloalkanes, and perfluoroaromatic compounds having a critical temperature or boiling point above the dissolution temperature for the polyfluorocarbon in the solvent.

This coated metal plate is a chromate-free coated metal plate for exterior applications, which comprises a metal plate and a coating film that is arranged on the metal plate. The coating film contains 0.2-15 vol % of porous particles as a gloss control agent, and contains 0.2-15 vol % of primary particles as a matting agent. If R1 (m) is the number average particle diameter of the gloss control agent, R2 (m) is the number average particle diameter of the matting agent, T (m) is the film thickness of the coating film, 1 (m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the gloss control agent and 2 (m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the matting agent, the coated metal plate satisfies the following formulae.
(R1+21)/T0.7
R12.0
2.0(R2+22)/T7.0
13T20.

A method for the manufacture of a carbon nanomembrane is disclosed. The method comprises preparing a metallised polymer substrate and applying on the metallised polymer substrate a monolayer prepared from an aromatic molecule. The aromatic molecule is cross-linked to form a carbon nanomembrane. The carbon nanomembrane is coated by a protective layer and subsequently the carbon nanomembrane and the protective layer are released from the metallised polymer substrate. Finally, the carbon nanomembrane and the protective layer are optionally placed on a support. The protective layer can be optionally removed. The carbon nanomembrane can be used for filtration.