Provided is a galvanized steel sheet including: a steel sheet comprising a galvanized layer; and a surface coating layer formed on the galvanized layer by using a composition which comprises a trivalent chromium compound, a carboxylated vinylidene copolymer, and a crosslinking agent. The galvanized layer includes Mg.

A polymer useful in coating compositions is described. The polymer is preferably an unsaturated polyurethane polymer, which preferably has an iodine value of at least 10. The polymer may be combined with one or more liquid carriers to form a liquid coating composition useful in coating a variety of substrates, including planar metal substrates.

A razor blade comprising a blade substrate with a blade edge substrate portion ending in blade tip. The razor blade is covered by a strengthening coating deposited on the blade edge substrate portion via a deposition process. The deposition process causes a hardness value of the strengthening coating layer to be increased, which, among other factors, allows for a decreased thickness of the blade substrate with coating. The blade substrate with coating has (i) a thickness of between about 1.57 and 2.37 micrometers measured at a distance of about five micrometers from the coating tip, (ii) a thickness of between about 4.62 and 6.74 micrometers measured at a distance of about twenty micrometers from the coating tip, and (iii) a thickness of between about 19.82 and 27.52 micrometers measured at a distance of about one hundred micrometers from the coating tip.

This coated metal plate is a chromate-free coated metal plate for exterior applications, which comprises a metal plate and a coating film that is arranged on the metal plate. The coating film contains 0.2-15 vol % of porous particles as a gloss control agent, and contains 0.2-15 vol % of primary particles as a matting agent. If R1 (m) is the number average particle diameter of the gloss control agent, R2 (m) is the number average particle diameter of the matting agent, T (m) is the film thickness of the coating film, 1 (m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the gloss control agent and 2 (m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the matting agent, the coated metal plate satisfies the following formulae.

(R1+21)/T0.7

R12.0

2.0(R2+22)/T7.0

13T20

This chemical conversion-treated steel sheet (10) has a chemical conversion treatment coating (12) upon a plating layer (17) of a steel sheet (11). The chemical conversion treatment coating (12) contains a fluororesin, a base resin which is a resin other than a fluororesin, metal flakes (13), and a chemical conversion treatment component. The content of the fluororesin in relation to the total quantity of resins is 3.0 mass % or more in terms of fluorine atoms, the content of the base resin in relation to 100 parts by mass of the fluororesin is 10 parts by mass or more, and the content of metal flakes (13) in the chemical conversion treatment coating (12) is more than 20 mass % but at most 60 mass %.

The present invention discloses a plasma non-stick pan and manufacturing method thereof. The plasma non-stick pan comprises a pan body and a non-stick layer applied to the pan body; a plasma layer is provided between the non-stick layer and the pan body, and the plasma layer comprises a MCrALY layer sprayed to the surface of the pan body and a mixture layer sprayed outside of the MCrALY layer, and the mixture layer is composed of MCrALY particles and metal oxide particles. The MCrALY layer has good toughness and strong adhesion, and it is easy to bind with the substrate with high fastness after binding, playing a buffering role and laying a foundation for the subsequent spraying of mixture layer.

A top cover of a battery pack including a metallic coated steel sheet wherein the metallic coating is topped by an organic coating and wherein the organic coating has two layers, the first layer of the organic coating in contact with the metallic coating having a thickness of 2 to 25 m, and the second layer of the organic coating being based on polyester or polyurethane.

Comparative effectiveness of various oral care products such as dentifrices on preventing dental erosion may be demonstrated using simulated enamel A substrate is prepared. A mineral layer to simulate dental enamel is nucleated by solution growth on the substrate surface. Alternatively, the mineral layer may be nucleated on a template comprising a self-assembled monolayer formed on a gold layer deposited on the substrate surface. The mineral layer may comprise a homogeneous layer of hydroxyapatite or a thin veneer of hydroxyapatite on a layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. The simulated enamel is then optionally treated with an oral care product and subjected to an acid challenge. The amount of mineral layer remaining after the acid challenge illustrates the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of the oral care product at preventing dental erosion.

A method to protect and modify surface properties of articles is disclosed. In one embodiment of the method, an intermediate layer is first deposited onto a substrate of the article. The intermediate layer has a thickness of at least 2 mils containing a plurality of pores with a total pore volume of 5 to 50% within a depth of at least 2 mils. A lubricant material is deposited onto the intermediate layer, wherein the lubricant material infiltrates at least a portion of the pores and forms a surface layer. The surface layer can be tailored with the selection of the appropriate material for the intermediate layer and the lubricant material, for the surface layer to have the desired surface tension depending on the application.

A vehicle wheel includes a face portion and rim portion defining a wheel surface. The face portion includes a plurality of spokes extending radially outwardly from a central portion to the rim portion interconnecting the face portion to the rim portion. A translucent polymer coating defines an outermost coating of the surface of the wheel where the translucent polymer coating is tinted for reflecting a first portion of light illuminating the wheel and allowing a second portion of light to pass through the translucent polymer coating. The second portion of light that passes through the translucent polymer coating reflects the surface of the wheel defining a third portion of light.