A laminate that permits passage of electromagnetic waves includes a base layer made of synthetic resin and a colored layer that contains a filler made of metal. The colored layer permits the passage of electromagnetic waves and has a relative permittivity of 4.0 or greater.

Provided is decorative film capable of keeping the brightness and that hardly changes in color during the continuous use. Decorative film is disposed on the surface of a resin base located in a path of a beam of a radar device. The decorative film includes: composite particles, each including a silver particle made of silver and compound including nickel and oxygen, the compound adhering to the silver particle so as to partially surround the surface of the silver particle; and light-transmissive binder resin to bind the composite particles dispersed in the decorative film. Content of the nickel is in a range of 0.5 to 30.0 mass % relative to the silver.

Provided are surfaces comprising particles, which particles may possess, for example, antimicrobial or biosensing properties. Also provided are related methods for fabrication of the inventive articles. Also provided are systems and methods for treating fluids, objects, and targets with the inventive surfaces.

A method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell, comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a semiconductor substrate comprising an n-layer and a p-layer at the back side of the semiconductor substrate; (ii) applying a conductive paste on both the n-layer and the p-layer, wherein the conductive paste comprises a silver (Ag) powder, a palladium (Pd) powder, an additional metal powder selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), boron (B) and a mixture thereof, a glass frit, and an organic medium; and (iii) firing the applied conductive paste.

A powder coating composition is provided herein. The powder coating composition includes a glycidyl-functionalized (meth)acrylic resin as a film-forming binder, a cross-linking agent (hardener) for the binder, particles chosen from the group comprising aluminum oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH).sub.3 particles, and a coating additive, the wt % based on the total weight of the powder coating composition. A process for the production of a scratch resistant powder coating is also provided herein. The process includes the steps of a) applying a transparent clear coat or a pigmented top coat directly onto a substrate surface or onto a prior coating, and b) curing the clear coat or the top coat applied in step a) wherein the transparent clear coat or the pigmented top coat includes the powder coating composition.

A system and a method include a substrate wrinkled coating having a substrate, and a curing layer on top of the substrate. The curing layer includes a partially cured portion directly atop the substrate, and a completely cured portion having light-diffusive wrinkles on top of the partially cured portion. Properties of the light-diffusive wrinkles are controlled by one or more curing parameters, and a composition of the partially cured portion is the same as a composition of the completely cured portion.

A conductive coated composite body is disclosed which has both good adhesion of a conductive coating film to a base and excellent electrical conductivity of the conductive coating film at the same time even in cases where a glass base or a base having low heat resistance is used; and a method for producing this conductive coated composite body. A conductive coated composite body includes: a base; a resin layer that is formed on at least a part of the base; and a conductive coating film that is formed on at least a part of the resin layer. The conductive coating film is a sintered body of silver fine particles; the main component of the resin layer is a polyurethane resin having an elongation at break of 600% or more; and the polyurethane resin has one of the functional groups represented by COOH, COOR, COO.sup.NH.sup.+R.sub.2 and COO.sup.NH.sub.4.sup.+.

Provided is a heat ray reflective material including, on a support in the following order from the support side: a conductive particle-containing layer that includes fibrous conductive particles having an average length of 5 m to 20 m, and a binder, in which an expansion factor of a thickness before and after the passage of time in a case where 24 hours have elapsed under environmental conditions of a temperature of 63 C. and relative humidity of 50%, is 2.2% or less; and a protective layer that includes a metal oxide derived from a metal alkoxide.

Provided is a heat ray reflective material including, on a support in the following order from the support side: a conductive particle-containing layer that includes the fibrous conductive particles, and a binder having a water absorption rate of 10% or less; and the protective layer.

A highly durable spring of the present invention includes a single-layer coating film with a thickness of 450 m or less, in which the coating film contains an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, and zinc. The coating film has high corrosion resistance and chipping resistance even if it is a one thin layer with a thickness of 450 m or less. A method of coating a highly durable spring of the present invention includes an application process in which an epoxy resin-based powder coating material which contains an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, and zinc and is produced by a melt kneading method is applied to a surface of a spring on which a coating-film is formed and a baking process in which the applied epoxy resin-based powder coating material is baked.

A method for manufacturing a back-contact solar cell, comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a semiconductor substrate comprising an n-layer and a p-layer at the back side of the semiconductor substrate; (ii) applying a conductive paste on both the n-layer and the p-layer, wherein the conductive paste comprises a silver (Ag) powder, a palladium (Pd) powder, an additional metal powder selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), boron (B) and a mixture thereof, a glass frit, and an organic medium; and (iii) firing the applied conductive paste.