Methods of treating tumors by administering compounds to a patient are provided. Compounds such as pro drugs, e.g., 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), may be administered to the patient orally, by injection, intravenously, or topically, which then accumulate preferentially as compounds such as protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor cells. After such accumulation, compounds such as PpIX are then activated in various aspects to treat tumors cells, thereby treating cancer. Cancers such as glioblastoma may be treated.

The disclosure provides example mass-sensing instruments and methods for use thereof. A mass-sensing instrument includes a mass sensor that includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The mass sensor has a natural oscillation frequency configured to correspond to a mass of a deposited material on the mass sensor. The mass-sensing instrument also includes a first driving circuit configured to control a first voltage of the first terminal and a second driving circuit configured to control a second voltage of the second terminal.

A wafer scale ultrasonic sensor assembly includes a wafer substrate, an ultrasonic element, first and second protective layers, conductive wires, a transmitting material, an ASIC, a conductive bump, and a soldering portion. The wafer substrate includes a via. The ultrasonic element is exposed to the via. The conductive wires are on the first protective layer and connected to the ultrasonic element. The second protective layer covers the conductive wires, and the second protective layer has an opening corresponding to the ultrasonic element. The transmitting material contacts the ultrasonic element. The ASIC is connected to the wafer substrate, so that the via forms a space between the ASIC and the ultrasonic element. The conductive pillar is in a via defined through the ASIC, the wafer substrate, and the first protective layer, and the conducive pillar is respectively connected to the conductive wires and the soldering portion.

An ultrasonic horn is provided with: a vibration generating unit configured to generate longitudinal vibration having a frequency in the ultrasonic band on the basis of a signal having a frequency in the ultrasonic band input from an oscillator; a vibration amplifying unit configured to amplify the vibration generating unit while transmitting the longitudinal vibration from the vibration generating unit; and a longitudinal-torsional vibration conversion slit unit having slits formed in a groove-like shape on the surfaces of the vibration amplifying unit and configured to convert the longitudinal vibration into torsional vibration. The vibration amplifying unit has a polygonal shape in a plane view, and has a plurality of surfaces provided with slits along with a surface not provided with slits.

Driver circuitry for driving an electromechanical load with a drive output signal based on a digital reference signal at a first sample rate, the drive output signal inducing a first electrical quantity at the electromechanical load, the driver circuitry comprising: a function block configured, based on said first electrical quantity, to digitally determine at a second sample rate higher than the first sample rate an adjustment signal indicative of a second electrical quantity which would be induced at a target output impedance of the driver circuitry due to said first electrical quantity; and a driver configured to generate the drive output signal based on the reference signal and the adjustment signal to cause the drive output signal to behave as if an output impedance of the driver circuitry has been adjusted to comprise the target output impedance, wherein the first electrical quantity is a current and the second electrical quantity is a voltage, or vice versa.

A transceiver apparatus for maximizing voltage. A voltage booster or transformer is implemented using piezoelectric thin films in substrates, preferably CMOS substrates where active processing of RF signals can lead to highly integrated and inexpensive ICs. The voltage gain is achieved by cascading multiple transducers, formed in the same piezoelectric thin film, or films cascaded in series on top of each other. An array of transducers are connected in parallel or series, connected to the input or output port electrodes. Other approaches include placing the receive transformer in a location where the diffracting field from the transmitter transducer is incident on the receive transducer generating a higher ultrasonic field at the receive transformer and increasing the voltage is to connect an array of transducers, formed in the same layer, or different layers of piezoelectric layer in parallel in drive mode when the pulse is transmitted.

A vibration device includes a protective cover that transmits light with a predetermined wavelength, a first cylindrical body that holds the protective cover at one end, a plate-shaped plate spring that supports the other end of the first cylindrical body, a second cylindrical body that supports, at one end, a portion of the plate spring in an outer side portion of a portion that supports the first cylindrical body, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements on side surfaces of the second cylindrical body and that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to a penetrating direction of the second cylindrical body.

Two methods for rendering haptic surfaces through spatial modulation of ultrasound are described: Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) with Tikhonov Regularization and Mini-Batch, Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (MSGDM). Further, adjustment in the placement of transducers, arrays can be generated which allow for variable focus points using a limited set of driving signals. This is accomplished by generating a set of mutually-exclusive transducer placement layouts which when driven together produce a set of sufficiently orthogonal fields at various points of interest. Further, using basic transformations on sampling locations a field can be translated or rotated in 3-dimensional space. This enables the creation of spatiotemporal modulated haptics with reduced computation. Further, mid-air haptics using ultrasound can be generated via amplitude modulation or via spatial modulation of control points defined at spatial locations in an acoustic field above a phased array device.

A probe switching device comprising at least two switching switch assemblies and at least two probes, wherein each of the switching switch assemblies corresponds to each of the probes, each of the switching switch assemblies comprises a first switch component and a second switch component, the first switch component is provided with a force applying block, and the second switch component mainly consists of two fixed contactors and a bridge contactor, each of the probes corresponding to each of the switching switch assemblies is connected to one of the two fixed contactors. Thereby, the probe can be switched using the switching switch assembly without using a relay, the force applying block acts on the bridge contactor to connect the first switch component and the second switch component.

This invention is the improved methods and ultrasound apparatus with the wirelessly chargeable battery of the ultrasound probe and with the record of the ultrasound data and ultrasound images on the removable memory card. The improved methods provide the steps of the operation of the improved ultrasound apparatus, and the improved ultrasound apparatus includes the microprocessor unit and control organs unit, which provide control of an ultrasound unit, comprising piezoelectric devices, a transmission unit, a battery unit, including battery and battery wireless charging control circuitry, indication unit, and includes a card insertion registration device recognizing the presence of a removable memory card in the ultrasound probe.