A unit and a tactile sensation providing apparatus which enable simplification of the assembly process of the apparatus are provided. The unit is provided with an actuator, a first fixing unit fixable to a base, a second fixing unit, and an elastic member configured to couple the first fixing unit and the second fixing unit together. The second fixing unit is fixable to a vibration object and coupled to the actuator.

A unit and a tactile sensation providing apparatus which enable simplification of the assembly process of the apparatus are provided. The unit is provided with an actuator, a first fixing unit fixable to a base, a second fixing unit, and an elastic member configured to couple the first fixing unit and the second fixing unit together. The second fixing unit is fixable to a vibration object and coupled to the actuator.

A downhole acoustic emitter including a support housing with a cavity and ports, in which housing are disposed a rod-type magnetostrictive transducer with an electrical coil on the rods, and an acoustic waveguide in the form of a cylinder which transitions into a tapering cone. The cylindrical portion of the acoustic waveguide is disposed inside the support housing, and the conical portion is disposed outside the housing. The upper end surface of the acoustic waveguide is coaxially joined to the lower emitting surface of the magnetostrictive transducer by soldering, and the acoustic waveguide is joined at its middle portion, which coincides with the zero vibration point of the waveguide, to the support housing by a threaded joint. The downhole acoustic emitter is provided with an emitting element, the upper end of which is coaxially joined to the lower end of the acoustic waveguide by a threaded joint. The magnetostrictive transducer has a length of 200-280 mm and is made of Permendur, and the ports are arranged around the perimeter of the support housing in two rows, the first of which is level with the top turns of the electrical coil of the magnetostrictive transducer, and the second row is level with the bottom turns of the coil. The emitting element is in the form of a cylinder or a prism with a square cross-section.

A downhole acoustic emitter including a support housing with a cavity and ports, in which housing are disposed a rod-type magnetostrictive transducer with an electrical coil on the rods, and an acoustic waveguide in the form of a cylinder which transitions into a tapering cone. The cylindrical portion of the acoustic waveguide is disposed inside the support housing, and the conical portion is disposed outside the housing. The upper end surface of the acoustic waveguide is coaxially joined to the lower emitting surface of the magnetostrictive transducer by soldering, and the acoustic waveguide is joined at its middle portion, which coincides with the zero vibration point of the waveguide, to the support housing by a threaded joint. The downhole acoustic emitter is provided with an emitting element, the upper end of which is coaxially joined to the lower end of the acoustic waveguide by a threaded joint. The magnetostrictive transducer has a length of 200-280 mm and is made of Permendur, and the ports are arranged around the perimeter of the support housing in two rows, the first of which is level with the top turns of the electrical coil of the magnetostrictive transducer, and the second row is level with the bottom turns of the coil. The emitting element is in the form of a cylinder or a prism with a square cross-section.

Embodiments include an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) system. The EMAT system includes a plurality of magnets and a conductor set. The plurality of magnets has a like pole arrangement and wherein each magnet is in close proximity to one another. The conductor set includes electrically conductive elements. A portion of the conductor set is positioned proximate to the plurality of magnets. The plurality of magnets and the conductor set are positioned proximate to a test object. The EMAT system is configured to perform at least one of generating and receiving an elastic wave. Embodiments also include a method of elastic wave measurement for nondestructive testing and evaluation. The method includes the steps of positioning an EMAT proximate a test object, generating an elastic wave such that the elastic wave propagates about the test object, detecting the elastic wave propagating about the test object, and analyzing difference in elastic wave character between the elastic wave in the generating step and the elastic wave in the detecting step to evaluate the test object.

Embodiments include an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) system. The EMAT system includes a plurality of magnets and a conductor set. The plurality of magnets has a like pole arrangement and wherein each magnet is in close proximity to one another. The conductor set includes electrically conductive elements. A portion of the conductor set is positioned proximate to the plurality of magnets. The plurality of magnets and the conductor set are positioned proximate to a test object. The EMAT system is configured to perform at least one of generating and receiving an elastic wave. Embodiments also include a method of elastic wave measurement for nondestructive testing and evaluation. The method includes the steps of positioning an EMAT proximate a test object, generating an elastic wave such that the elastic wave propagates about the test object, detecting the elastic wave propagating about the test object, and analyzing difference in elastic wave character between the elastic wave in the generating step and the elastic wave in the detecting step to evaluate the test object.

An ultrasonic probe includes a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) array configured to generate ultrasonic waves, an integrated circuit to which the cMUT array is bonded, and a flexible printed circuit board having one end connected to the integrated circuit to output signals to the integrated circuit, the integrated circuit including pads provided on the integrated circuit and an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) provided on the pads, and the one end of the flexible printed circuit board being connected to the ACF to thereby connect the flexible printed circuit board to the integrated circuit.

A metallic diaphragm disk incorporating a piezoelectric material bonded thereto and operatively coupled to a base rim of a housing provides for closing an open-ended cavity at the first end of the housing. In one aspect, plastic film adhesively bonded to at least one of an outer rim of the housing or an outer-facing surface of the disk provides for receiving an adhesive acoustic interface material to provide for coupling the housing to the skin of a test subject. In another aspect, an outer-facing surface of a base portion of the housing provides for receiving an adhesive acoustic interface material to provide for coupling the housing to the skin of a test subject, at least one inertial mass is operatively coupled to a central portion of the metallic diaphragm disk, and the opening in the first end of the housing is closed with a cover.

An apparatus for improving transmission directivity according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a phased array probe including a channel 1 transducer and a channel 2 transducer which are arranged at intervals corresponding to a quarter wavelength at a center frequency of a guided wave pulse for long-range ultrasonic testing, and a drive unit which supplies electric pulses with opposite phases to the channel 1 transducer and the channel 2 transducer of the channel 1 transducer and the channel 2 transducer, which is disposed on the front end on the basis of an intended transmission direction, is driven with delay by a time corresponding to a quarter frequency of the center frequency than the other transducer disposed on the rear end

An apparatus for improving transmission directivity according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a phased array probe including a channel 1 transducer and a channel 2 transducer which are arranged at intervals corresponding to a quarter wavelength at a center frequency of a guided wave pulse for long-range ultrasonic testing, and a drive unit which supplies electric pulses with opposite phases to the channel 1 transducer and the channel 2 transducer of the channel 1 transducer and the channel 2 transducer, which is disposed on the front end on the basis of an intended transmission direction, is driven with delay by a time corresponding to a quarter frequency of the center frequency than the other transducer disposed on the rear end