A waste volume reduction processing method includes a volume reduction step of reducing volume of waste in a volume reduction furnace in which temperature is raised in stages multiple times, the waste being a mixture of organic waste containing plastic and inorganic waste containing metal material, the volume reduction step including a first volume reduction step of storing and heating the waste in the volume reduction furnace in which temperature is raised up to around 200° C. to be kept, the volume reduction furnace being sealed in an oxygen-free state or in a low-oxygen state, the organic waste being reduced in volume to 20% to 30% of original volume.

A method for separating a laminate structure in which a resin layer is formed on a substrate includes applying a shear load to the laminate structure from a direction intersecting a lamination direction of the resin layer; and pulverizing the substrate, and the resin layer is separated from the substrate at an interface between the substrate and the resin layer.

A method for separating a laminate structure in which a resin layer is formed on a substrate includes applying a shear load to the laminate structure from a direction intersecting a lamination direction of the resin layer; and pulverizing the substrate, and the resin layer is separated from the substrate at an interface between the substrate and the resin layer.

The present disclosure relates to the treatment of streams derived from construction and/or demolition (C&D) debris, such as C&D fines streams, asphalt shingles, drywall, or wood. The process can include a kinetic pulverization stage through a kinetic pulverizer where the frangible materials are size-reduced and the ductile materials are liberated and remain as an oversized fraction. The feedstock can include infrangible materials that also remains as an oversized fraction. The pulverized material is then subjected to a separation stage, which may include mechanical and/or magnetic screening, to separate the oversized material comprising the ductile material, and optionally larger particles of the infrangible material, from the size-reduced material comprising the frangible material, and optionally small particles of infrangible material.

A liquification system for an organic waste management system includes a hopper that is oriented vertically such that organic waste added to the hopper is biased by gravity toward a bottom end of the hopper; a fixed grinding plate disposed at the bottom end of the hopper and including grinding elements for grinding and liquefying organic waste; an agitator that is disposed within the hopper and is movable relative to the grinding plate in a first rotational direction that moves organic waste downward toward and against the grinding plate and in a second rotational direction that moves organic waste upward toward a top end of the hopper; a motor configured to selectively move the agitator in the first and second rotational directions under control of the controller; and an outlet through the bottom end of the hopper through which liquified organic waste drains from the hopper.

A liquification system for an organic waste management system includes a hopper that is oriented vertically such that organic waste added to the hopper is biased by gravity toward a bottom end of the hopper; a fixed grinding plate disposed at the bottom end of the hopper and including grinding elements for grinding and liquefying organic waste; an agitator that is disposed within the hopper and is movable relative to the grinding plate in a first rotational direction that moves organic waste downward toward and against the grinding plate and in a second rotational direction that moves organic waste upward toward a top end of the hopper; a motor configured to selectively move the agitator in the first and second rotational directions under control of the controller; and an outlet through the bottom end of the hopper through which liquified organic waste drains from the hopper.

A liquification system for an organic waste management system includes a hopper that is oriented vertically such that organic waste added to the hopper is biased by gravity toward a bottom end of the hopper; an agitator that is disposed within the hopper and is movable in a first rotational direction that moves organic waste downward and in a second rotational direction that moves organic waste upward; a motor configured to selectively move the agitator in the first and second rotational directions under control of the controller; and a side grinding and drainage system disposed toward the bottom end of the hopper and preferably on a tapered portion of the hopper for grinding and liquefying organic waste.

A method for deep desiliconization of coal ash and recovery of silicon resources includes: ball-milling and drying decarburized coal ash; adding calcium oxide into a salt to obtain a mixture, and heating the mixture to a molten state under an inert atmosphere to obtain a molten salt, a molar ratio of the calcium oxide to the salt ranging from 0.5% to 18%; placing the ball-milled and dried coal ash into the molten salt, performing reaction under an atmospheric pressure, separating a reaction product from the molten salt, cooling the separated reaction product under an inert atmosphere, washing the cooled reaction product and drying the washed reaction product to obtain desiliconized coal ash; and cooling the molten salt under an inert atmosphere, washing the cooled salt and filtering the washed salt to recover calcium silicate and a filtrate.

A method for deep desiliconization of coal ash and recovery of silicon resources includes: ball-milling and drying decarburized coal ash; adding calcium oxide into a salt to obtain a mixture, and heating the mixture to a molten state under an inert atmosphere to obtain a molten salt, a molar ratio of the calcium oxide to the salt ranging from 0.5% to 18%; placing the ball-milled and dried coal ash into the molten salt, performing reaction under an atmospheric pressure, separating a reaction product from the molten salt, cooling the separated reaction product under an inert atmosphere, washing the cooled reaction product and drying the washed reaction product to obtain desiliconized coal ash; and cooling the molten salt under an inert atmosphere, washing the cooled salt and filtering the washed salt to recover calcium silicate and a filtrate.

The present invention concerns the field of safe disposal or recycling of devices which include flat panel displays (FPDs) such as televisions, public information screens and signs, advertising panels, computer monitors and lap-tops, tablets and computers with integrated flat panel displays. The invention provides an apparatus for the disassembly of flat panel display units (FPDs) which each comprise a display screen provided on the front face of the FPD and a housing which accommodates the screen and associated electronic circuitry, the apparatus comprising: (i) a cutting station for receiving an end-of-life FPD, the cutting station being configured and arranged to make cuts into the FPD along cutting paths which permit detachment of the entire display screen, or a cut-out sub-unit of the display screen, from the FPD, (ii) an FPD characterisation station provided in advance of, or at, the cutting station, the characterisation station being adapted to measure and/or log one or more characterising parameters or identifiers of the FPD in advance of the cutting step, (iii) a data processing system in data communication with the FPD characterisation station, the data processing system being adapted to receive and one or more of said parameters or identifiers, and derive therefrom an appropriate protocol for cutting the FPD display screen, and provide instructions in accordance with the protocol which are sent back to the cutting station so as to control the cuts. An FPD database may be associated with the data processing system, the FPD database being pre-loaded with cutting path instructions for a range of known FPDs.