Methods for making Ta sputter targets and sputter targets made thereby. Ta ingots are compressed along at least two of the x, y, and z dimensions and then cross rolled in at least one of those dimensions. A pair of target blanks is then cut from the cross rolled ingot. The resulting targets have a predominate mix of {100} and {111} textures and have reduced B {100} and B {111} banding factors.

Electric resistance welded steel pipe securing the high strength and high toughness demanded from oil well pipe in recent years. The metal structure in a region having a width of 0.5 mm in both the thickness directions from a reference point, when using a point defined as a point of the thickness in the thickness direction from the surface in the base material part of the steel as the reference point, consists of polygonal ferrite: 10 area % or less and a balance: bainitic ferrite. The thickness is 15 mm or more.

The present invention discloses a machining technology of a low-temperature high-strength-ductility high manganese steel, high manganese steel plate, and high manganese steel tube, and a high manganese steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Mn 30%-36%, C 0.02%-0.06%, S0.01%, P0.008% and the balance being Fe. Smelted steel ingots are subject to solution treatment and are rolled and homogenized to obtain a high manganese steel plate or are drawn to form a high manganese steel tube. The hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel plate after being hot-rolled has tremendous application value in the fields of low-temperature applications, such as the steel plate used for a low temperature pressure container.

Provided is an aluminum alloy foil that has sufficient surface hardness, while exhibiting excellent moist-heat resistance and corrosion resistance. The aluminum alloy foil contains 96.9 mass % or more of aluminum, 0.4 mass % or more and 3 mass % or less of manganese, 0.03 mass % or more and 0.08 mass % or less of iron, 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.1 mass % or less of silicon, 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.03 mass % or less of copper, 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.01 mass % or less of zinc, and 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.001 mass % or less of magnesium, based on the aluminum alloy foil taken as 100 mass %.

A method of delaying the process of recovery of metals, a method to make an aluminum alloy comprising zirconium, and an apparatus comprising an aluminum alloy and zirconium are provided. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy of can be formed from recycled aluminum alloys.

A calcium-bearing magnesium and rare earth element alloy consists essentially of, in mass percent, zinc (Zn): 1-3%; aluminum (Al): 1-3%; calcium (Ca): 0.1-0.4%; gadolinium (Gd): 0.1-0.4%; yttrium (Y): 0-0.4%; manganese (Mn): 0-0.2%; and balance magnesium (Mg).

A continuous-cast slab is provided where central porosity is reduced by surly crushing the slab. A method and apparatus of manufacturing the slab is also provided. The continuous-cast slab having horizontally symmetrical granular equiaxed crystals at least in the center in the thickness direction includes a first reduction dent and a second reduction dent that further dents from the bottom surface of the first reduction dent and is narrower than the first reduction dent at least on one long side surface. Such a configuration can makes it possible to achieve the continuous-cast slab of no more than 2.510.sup.4 cm.sup.3/g in a maximum porosity volume while segregation is reduced.

A steel pipe for line pipe has a composition of, in mass %: C: 0.02 to 0.11%; Si: 0.05 to 1.0%; Mn: 0.30 to 2.5%; P: up to 0.030%; S: up to 0.006%; Cr: 0.05 to 0.36%; Mo: 0.02 to 0.33%; V: 0.02 to 0.20%; Ti: 0.001 to 0.010%; Al: 0.001 to 0.100%; N: up to 0.008%; Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0040%; and other elements and satisfies Cr+Mo+V0.40, the chemical symbols in the equation substituted by the content of the corresponding element in mass %. The pipe contains tempered martensite and/or tempered bainite and further contains ferrite in at least one of a portion between a steel pipe outer surface and a depth of 1 mm from the outer surface, and a portion between a steel pipe inner surface and a depth of 1 mm from the inner surface.

Disclosed is a skew rolling assembly suitable for large-size superalloy bars, including four rollers with completely identical shape and size, where the four rollers are all active rollers. In the production process, the four rollers play a role in promoting the forward flow of blank metal in a rolling direction, thus avoiding a rolling jamming phenomenon caused by the obstruction of guide plates to the forward flow of the blank in the rolling process of the prior art. The providing of the four rollers improves the rolling speed and increases the degree of deformation. Disclosed is a skew rolling method suitable for large-size superalloy bars. By utilizing the skew rolling assembly suitable for the large-size superalloy bars, and utilizing four rotating active rollers for the skew-rolling forming of bars, the rolling speed is improved, the problem that the cooperative rolling of two rollers and guide plates in the prior art is prone to the phenomenon of rolling jamming is avoided, the forming quality is guaranteed, the rolling production efficiency is improved, and the degree of deformation is increased.

Provided is a high-strength cold rolled steel sheet having high shear processability, including, by wt %, C: 0.05% to 0.10%, Si: 0.01% to 0.5%, Mn: 1.2% to 2.0%, Al: 0.01% to 0.1%, Cr: 0.005% to 0.3%, B: 0.0003% to 0.0010%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.2%, P: 0.001% to 0.05%, S: 0.001% to 0.01%, N: 0.001% to 0.01%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.08%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.13%, V: 0.005% to 0.2%, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The high-strength cold rolled steel sheet satisfies Formulas 1 and 2 below, and the high-strength cold rolled steel sheet includes at least one of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. Formula 1: 2.0[Mn]+2.5[Mo]+1.5[Cr]+300[B]2.5, Formula 2: 0.2([Nb]/93+[Ti]/48+[V]/51)/([C]/12+[N]/14)0.5 (in Formulas 1 and 2, each element symbol refers to a weight percent (wt %) of a corresponding element).