A copper ingot of the present invention which is casted by a belt-caster type continuous casting apparatus includes: 1 ppm by mass or less of carbon; 10 ppm by mass or less of oxygen; 0.8 ppm by mass or less of hydrogen; 15 ppm by mass to 35 ppm by mass of phosphorus; and a balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, and includes inclusions formed of oxides containing carbon, phosphorus, and Cu.

A copper ingot of the present invention which is casted by a belt-caster type continuous casting apparatus includes: 1 ppm by mass or less of carbon; 10 ppm by mass or less of oxygen; 0.8 ppm by mass or less of hydrogen; 15 ppm by mass to 35 ppm by mass of phosphorus; and a balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, and includes inclusions formed of oxides containing carbon, phosphorus, and Cu.

A deforming apparatus (10) for a steel wire (W) for a bead core (X) includes a deforming roller (12), a guide device (20), and a deforming amount changing device (30). The deforming roller (12) is arranged upstream of a molding drum (50), which molds the bead core (X) by winding the steel wire (W). The steel wire (W) is mounted on the deforming roller (12) in a curved manner such that the deforming roller (12) deforms the steel wire (W). The guide device (20) is arranged upstream of the deforming roller (12) and guides the steel wire (W) to the deforming roller (12). The deforming amount changing device (30) changes the amount by which the steel wire (W) is mounted on the deforming roller (12) in a curved manner by moving the guide device (20) with respect to the deforming roller (12).

A deforming apparatus (10) for a steel wire (W) for a bead core (X) includes a deforming roller (12), a guide device (20), and a deforming amount changing device (30). The deforming roller (12) is arranged upstream of a molding drum (50), which molds the bead core (X) by winding the steel wire (W). The steel wire (W) is mounted on the deforming roller (12) in a curved manner such that the deforming roller (12) deforms the steel wire (W). The guide device (20) is arranged upstream of the deforming roller (12) and guides the steel wire (W) to the deforming roller (12). The deforming amount changing device (30) changes the amount by which the steel wire (W) is mounted on the deforming roller (12) in a curved manner by moving the guide device (20) with respect to the deforming roller (12).

An apparatus for treating metal wire by multiple reverse bending and associated methods for using the apparatus are disclosed. The first roller has a first roller diameter, is followed by N1 intermediate rollers with intermediate roller diameters and ends with an exit roller with an exit roller diameter. The exit roller is larger than the first roller and any one roller in the sequence of rollers has a roller diameter that is not smaller than the preceding roller in the sequence. The progressively larger diameters impose a well-controlled, gradually decreasing curvature to the wire resulting in a cast controlled wire. By folding the wire path together, a compact arrangement is obtained accommodating the increasingly larger rollers. A method to operate the apparatus is also described that allows for an easy adjustment of the apparatus in function of wire thickness.

An apparatus for treating metal wire by multiple reverse bending and associated methods for using the apparatus are disclosed. The first roller has a first roller diameter, is followed by N1 intermediate rollers with intermediate roller diameters and ends with an exit roller with an exit roller diameter. The exit roller is larger than the first roller and any one roller in the sequence of rollers has a roller diameter that is not smaller than the preceding roller in the sequence. The progressively larger diameters impose a well-controlled, gradually decreasing curvature to the wire resulting in a cast controlled wire. By folding the wire path together, a compact arrangement is obtained accommodating the increasingly larger rollers. A method to operate the apparatus is also described that allows for an easy adjustment of the apparatus in function of wire thickness.

A rolling mill for producing rolling mill product is provided. The rolling mill includes a rolling mill line that moves the rolling mill product. A plurality of rolling mill stands are coupled to the rolling mill line that receives the rolling mill product and rolls the rolling mill product. A plurality of speed measuring devices that are positioned in close proximity to each rolling mill stand, where each speed measuring device measures the speed of the rolling mill product as it passes the speed measuring devices. A control device receives information associated with the speed measuring devices and adjusts the speed of the rolling mill product for any speed differential that might exist between any of the rolling mill stands.

A rolling mill for producing rolling mill product is provided. The rolling mill includes a rolling mill line that moves the rolling mill product. A plurality of rolling mill stands are coupled to the rolling mill line that receives the rolling mill product and rolls the rolling mill product. A plurality of speed measuring devices that are positioned in close proximity to each rolling mill stand, where each speed measuring device measures the speed of the rolling mill product as it passes the speed measuring devices. A control device receives information associated with the speed measuring devices and adjusts the speed of the rolling mill product for any speed differential that might exist between any of the rolling mill stands.

Rolling station intended to couple with a respective rolling cartridge or stand provided with two rolling cylinders, wherein the rolling station has a supporting frame of the transmissions suitable for housing a pair of transmission devices of which a first transmission device is intended to couple with a first rolling cylinder and a second transmission device is intended to couple with a second rolling cylinder, the first rolling cylinder being put in rotation by a first motor via the first transmission device and the second rolling cylinder being put in rotation by a second motor via the second transmission device.

A production equipment line for a hot-rolled steel strip comprises a rough rolling mill comprising rough rolling mills for hot rolling a material, which is heated to a predetermined temperature to a finish rolling start sheet thickness and a finish rolling mill comprising finish rolling mills for controlled-rolling the material to a final sheet thickness. At least one of the rough rolling mills is a reversible rolling mill. The production equipment line is provided on an upstream side of the reversible rolling mill with one of a slow cooling apparatus for slowly cooling at a water volume density of less than 1000 L/min.Math.m.sup.2 and a rapid cooling apparatus for rapidly cooling after the slow-cooling at a water volume density of not less than 1000 L/min.Math.m.sup.2 and the other of the slow cooling apparatus and rapid cooling apparatus on a downstream side of the reversible rolling mill.