The invention relates to an alloy based on iron comprising, by weight: 35%Ni37% trace amountsMn0.6% trace amountsC0.07% trace amountsSi0.35% trace amountsCr0.5% trace amountsCo0.5% trace amountsMo<0.5% trace amountsS0.0035% trace amountsO0.0025% 0.011%[(3.138Al+6Mg+13.418Ca)(3.509O+1.770S)]0.038% 0.0003%<Ca0.0015% 0.0005%<Mg0.0035% 0.0020%<Al0.0085%
the remainder being iron and residual elements resulting from the elaboration.

Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for homogeneously controlling a transverse temperature during laminar cooling of a hot-rolled strip. In an embodiment, a mathematical model of middle convexity cooling in a water volume is established by designing different types of middle convexity water cooling heat transfer coefficient curves. Process procedures and equipment parameters of the hot-rolled strip during the laminar cooling are considered to restore the actual situation on site. Through finite element calculation, an optimal middle convexity water cooling heat transfer coefficient curve is obtained. Process parameters corresponding to middle convexity water volume distribution during the laminar cooling (a water flow density) are further obtained to guide a water volume control process.

A method for producing a metal strip in a cast-rolling installation, the cast-rolling installation includes the following: a casting machine, a first furnace, a first shear, a roughing train, a second furnace, a second shear, a finishing train, a cooling section, a reeling system, and a third shear. In order to allow a flexible reaction to different operating conditions, at least one of the following operating modes is selected in order to produce the strip: a) a continuous rolling, in which the casting machine, the roughing train, and the finishing train are operatively connected together; b) a continuous rolling in the roughing train and a single-strip rolling in the finishing train; c) a single-strip rolling in the roughing train and a single-strip rolling in the finishing train; and d) a semi-continuous rolling in the roughing train and/or a semi-continuous rolling in the finishing train.

Provided is a steel for a mechanical structure for cold working, which contains C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al and N and in which the metal structure includes pearlite and ferrite, the total areal proportion of pearlite and ferrite relative to the overall structure is 90% or higher, the average circle-equivalent diameter of bcc-Fe crystal grains surrounded by large angle grain boundaries is 5-15 m, the average aspect ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite crystal grains is 3.0 or lower, and the average spacing at the narrowest pearlite lamellar spacing is 0.20 m or less.

A method for manufacturing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet. The method includes a first heating step of holding the steel sheet in a temperature range of 750 C. to 880 C. for 20 s to 600 s in an atmosphere having an H.sub.2 concentration of 0.05% to 25.0% by volume and a dew point of 45 C. to 10 C., a cooling step, a rolling step of rolling the steel sheet with a rolling reduction of 0.3% to 2.0%, a pickling step of pickling the steel sheet with a pickling weight loss of 0.02 gram/m.sup.2 to 5 gram/m.sup.2 in terms of Fe, a second heating step of holding the steel sheet in a temperature range of 720 C. to 860 C. for 20 sec. to 300 sec. in an atmosphere having an H.sub.2 concentration of 0.05% to 25.0% by volume and a dew point of 10 C. or lower, and a galvanizing step.

Provided herein are highly-formable aluminum alloys and methods of making such alloys. The method of preparing aluminum alloys described herein can include a low final cold reduction step and/or an optional inter-annealing step to produce randomly distributed crystallographic texture components that produce an isotropic aluminum alloy product exhibiting improved formability and deep drawability. The methods described herein result in aluminum alloy microstructures having a balance of alpha fibers and beta fibers that promote improved formability of aluminum alloy sheets. The resulting improvements in quality allow for shaping processes with reduced rates of spoilage.

Provided herein are highly formable aluminum alloys and methods of making the same. The highly formable aluminum alloys described herein can be prepared from recycled materials without significant addition of primary aluminum alloy material. The aluminum alloys are prepared by casting an aluminum alloy that can include such recycled materials and processing the resulting cast aluminum alloy article. Also described herein are methods of using the aluminum alloys and alloy products.

Disclosed are alloys for anodized-quality aluminum sheets with improved surface quality, and methods for making these sheets. The alloys are designed to minimize the formation of cathodic intermetallic particles that result in surface streaks of anodized sheet products formed from the alloys. Further, the alloys allow the incorporation of recycled scrap aluminum in anodized-quality sheets.

A calcium-bearing magnesium and rare earth element alloy consists essentially of, in mass percent, zinc (Zn): 1-3%; aluminum (Al): 1-3%; calcium (Ca): 0.1-0.4%; gadolinium (Gd): 0.1-0.4%; yttrium (Y): 0-0.4%; manganese (Mn): 0-0.2%; and balance magnesium (Mg).

This disclosure provides a predetermined composition, where a conversion value C* of total carbon contents in Ti, Nb and V precipitates whose grain sizes are less than 20 nm is 0.010 mass % to 0.100 mass %, Fe content in Fe precipitates is 0.03 mass % to 0.50 mass %, and an average grain size of ferrite grains whose grain sizes are top 5 % large in ferrite grain size distribution of rolling direction cross section is (4000/TS).sup.2 m or less, the TS indicating tensile strength in unit of MPa.