Provided is a titanium composite material 1 including: a first surface layer portion 2; an inner layer portion 4; and a second surface layer portion 3; wherein: the first surface layer portion 2 and the second surface layer portion 3 are composed of a titanium alloy; the inner layer portion 4 is composed of a commercially pure titanium including pores; a thickness of at least one of the first surface layer portion 2 and the second surface layer portion 3 is 2 μm or more, and a proportion of the thickness with respect to an overall thickness of the titanium composite material 1 is 40% or less; and a porosity in a cross section perpendicular to a sheet thickness direction is more than 0% and 30% or less.

Disclosed is a Grade 550 MPa high temperature-resistant pipeline steel, the chemical elements, in mass percentage, being: 0.061%≤C≤0.120%, 1.70%≤Mn≤2.20%, 0.15%≤Mo≤0.39%, 0.15%≤Cu≤0.30%, 0.15%≤Ni≤0.50%, 0.035%≤Nb≤0.080%, 0.005%≤V≤0.054%, 0.005%≤Ti≤0.030%, 0.015%≤Al≤0.040%, 0.005%≤Ca≤0.035%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Also disclosed is a manufacturing method of the Grade 550 MPa high temperature-resistant pipeline steel, comprising the steps of: smelting, casting, slab heating, rough rolling, finish rolling, controlled cooling, and air cooling to room temperature. The pipeline steel has an excellent mechanical property under a high temperature.

A Si/Mn ratio of steel material components of a base material is not less than 0.27 nor more than 0.90 in mass ratio, an internal oxide layer having a thickness of not less than 1 μm nor more than 30 μm is provided right below an oxide scale of a steel sheet surface layer portion, and regarding the internal oxide layer, an internal oxide in a crystal grain of the internal oxide layer is an oxide containing Si and having a thickness of not less than 10 nm nor more than 200 nm in a crystal grain in a range of greater than 0% and 30% or less of a thickness of the internal oxide layer from an interface between the internal oxide layer and base iron toward a direction of the surface layer oxide scale, one or more branches of the internal oxide exist in a cross section of 1 μm×1 μm square, and in any crystal grain boundary having a length of 1 μm, one or more of the internal oxides in the crystal grain are connected to an internal oxide of the crystal grain boundary to form a net-like structure.

Systems and methods for reducing the thickness of a strip of an aluminum-based material are disclosed. The aluminum-based material is pre-heated before running the material through a warm rolling process. The systems include devices for pre-heating, which can include a heated payoff station or a dedicated pre-heating station that applies heated rolls or acts as a heated tunnel.

A method for collecting mill scale from a hot rolling mill is provided. The hot rolling mill includes a flume. The method includes transporting mill scale particles in wastewater, retrieving the wastewater from a flume of the hot rolling mill and separating the mill scale particles from the wastewater using a separator. A hot rolling mill and a method for retrofitting a hot rolling mill are also provided.

A rotary union adapted for connection on a support segment for a shaft includes a sensor disposed within a sensor housing, the sensor housing connected to the housing of the rotary union, and a sound conduit having first and second ends, the first end of the sound conduit being connected to the sensor housing, and the second end of the sound conduit being adapted to be connected to a second support segment for the shaft opposite the first support segment along the shaft, wherein the sensor includes a sensing element in physical contact with the first end of the sound conduit, the sensing element configured to provide a signal in response to vibration present along the sound conduit.

A method for producing a metal strip in a cast-rolling installation, the cast-rolling installation includes the following: a casting machine, a first furnace, a first shear, a roughing train, a second furnace, a second shear, a finishing train, a cooling section, a reeling system, and a third shear. In order to allow a flexible reaction to different operating conditions, at least one of the following operating modes is selected in order to produce the strip: a) a continuous rolling, in which the casting machine, the roughing train, and the finishing train are operatively connected together; b) a continuous rolling in the roughing train and a single-strip rolling in the finishing train; c) a single-strip rolling in the roughing train and a single-strip rolling in the finishing train; and d) a semi-continuous rolling in the roughing train and/or a semi-continuous rolling in the finishing train.

A production equipment line for a hot-rolled steel strip comprises a rough rolling mill group comprised of plural rough rolling mills for hot rolling a material which is heated up to a predetermined temperature to a finish rolling start sheet thickness and a finish rolling mill group comprised of plural finish rolling mills for controlled-rolling the material to a final sheet thickness, wherein at least one of the plural rough rolling mills is a reversible rolling mill. The production equipment line for a hot-rolled steel strip is provided with a slow cooling apparatus for slowly cooling the material at a water volume density of less than 1000 L/min.Math.m.sup.2 and a rapid cooling apparatus which is arranged next to the slow cooling apparatus and rapidly cools the material after the slow-cooling at a water volume density of not less than 1000 L/min.Math.m.sup.2.

A rolling mill stand has two working rolls forming a roll gap in which a rolled product transported in a conveying direction can be formed. The positioning of at least one working roll is variable in a plane perpendicular to the conveying direction. The rolling mill is used in a method which comprises: conveying the rolled product through the roll gap in the conveying direction and at the same time opening or closing the rolling mill stand by correspondingly increasing or decreasing the roll gap; during opening or closing of the roll stand, detecting a position of the rolled product in front of and/or behind the roll gap in the direction transverse to the conveying direction; and changing the positioning of the corresponding working roll depending on the detected position, so that the rolled product is stabilized at a target position during opening or closing of the roll stand.

A continuous casting and rolling line for casting, rolling, and otherwise preparing metal strip can produce distributable metal strip without requiring cold rolling or the use of a solution heat treatment line. A metal strip can be continuously cast from a continuous casting device and coiled into a metal coil, optionally after being subjected to post-casting quenching. This intermediate coil can be stored until ready for hot rolling. The as-cast metal strip can undergo reheating prior to hot rolling, either during coil storage or immediately prior to hot rolling. The heated metal strip can be cooled to a rolling temperature and hot rolled through one or more roll stands. The rolled metal strip can optionally be reheated and quenched prior to coiling for delivery. This final coiled metal strip can be of the desired gauge and have the desired physical characteristics for distribution to a manufacturing facility.