A refractory metal plate is provided. The plate has a center, a thickness, an edge, a top surface and a bottom surface, and has a crystallographic texture (as characterized by through thickness gradient, banding severity; and variation across the plate, for each of the texture components 100//ND and 111//ND, which is substantially uniform throughout the plate.

A dual hardness steel article comprises a first air hardenable steel alloy having a first hardness metallurgically bonded to a second air hardenable steel alloy having a second hardness. A method of manufacturing a dual hard steel article comprises providing a first air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a first mating surface and having a first part hardness, and providing a second air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a second mating surface and having a second part hardness. The first air hardenable steel alloy part is metallurgically secured to the second air hardenable steel alloy part to form a metallurgically secured assembly, and the metallurgically secured assembly is hot rolled to provide a metallurgical bond between the first mating surface and the second mating surface.

A substrate (e.g., metal or non-metal sheet) can have multiple textures on a surface of the substrate. The various textures can be impressed or applied on the surface of the substrate by passing the substrate between multiple pairs of work rolls that each include at least one textured work roll for transferring a texture of the work roll onto the surface of the substrate. The pairs of work rolls apply the various textures on the surface of the substrate while maintaining a thickness of the substrate (e.g., with substantially no reduction in a thickness of the substrate). A single pass of the substrate between the pairs of work rolls can allow various different textures, patterns, or features to be applied to the surface of the substrate while the thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

Systems and methods of applying a texture on a substrate include applying a texture to the substrate with a work stand of a coil-to-coil process. The work stand includes an upper work roll and a lower work roll vertically aligned with the upper work roll. At least one of the upper work roll and the lower work roll includes the texture. Applying the texture includes applying, by the upper work roll and a lower work roll, a work roll pressure on an upper surface and a lower surface of the substrate. The method further includes adjusting a contact pressure parameter of the work stand such that the work stand provides a desired contact pressure distribution across the width of the substrate and a desired thickness profile of the edges of the substrate while an overall thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

A flatness control system includes a work stand of a finishing line, a plurality of actuators, a flatness measuring device, and a controller. The work stand includes a pair of vertically aligned work rolls. A first work roll of the pair of work rolls includes a plurality of flatness control zones configured to apply a localized pressure to a corresponding region on a substrate. Each actuator corresponds with a one of the plurality of flatness control zones. The flatness measuring device is configured to measure an actual flatness profile of the substrate. The controller is configured to adjust the plurality of actuators such that the localized pressures modify the actual flatness profile to achieve the desired flatness profile at the exit of the stand. The thickness and a length of the substrate remain substantially constant when the substrate exits the work stand.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a plated steel sheet having excellent surface qualities and press formability. The method includes: manufacturing a plated steel sheet by plating a base steel sheet; and performing a skin pass rolling process on the plated steel sheet by inserting the plated steel sheet into a skin pass mill. The skin pass rolling process is performed using rolls having roughness skewness Rsk within a range of 0.15 or less.

A high-silicon steel sheet is excellent in terms of punching workability and magnetic property. The high-silicon steel sheet has a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.02% or less, P: 0.02% or less, Si: 4.5% or more and 7.0% or less, Mn: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, Al: 1.0% or less, O: 0.01% or less, N: 0.01% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, a grain-boundary oxygen concentration (oxygen concentration with respect to chemical elements segregated at grain boundaries) of 30 at % or less, and a microstructure in which a degree of integration P(211) of a {211}-plane of -Fe on a surface of the steel sheet is 15% or more

P(211)=p(211)/S100(%), wherein

S=p(110)/100+p(200)/14.93+p(211)/25.88+p(310)/7.68+p(222)/1.59+p(321)/6.27+p(411)/1.55, and p(hkl): integrated intensity of a peak of X-ray diffraction of an {hkl}-plane.

This disclosure presents methods and/or processes for forming a garage door faade using variable pressure. The forming processes, different from common stamping processes, creates a shaded design in a garage door section such that a continuous pattern is realized in the length direction (i.e., the longest side of the garage door section). The forming processes also produces significantly deep and smooth impressions that deform the center of the design. The forming process may be preceded by a texturing process, for example, each garage door section may first be textured and then sent for forming the design.

A dual hardness steel article comprises a first air hardenable steel alloy having a first hardness metallurgically bonded to a second air hardenable steel alloy having a second hardness. A method of manufacturing a dual hard steel article comprises providing a first air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a first mating surface and having a first part hardness, and providing a second air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a second mating surface and having a second part hardness. The first air hardenable steel alloy part is metallurgically secured to the second air hardenable steel alloy part to form a metallurgically secured assembly, and the metallurgically secured assembly is hot rolled to provide a metallurgical bond between the first mating surface and the second mating surface.

A method for producing a strip consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy for packaging purposes, in particular for cans, can lids or can closures, which provides an individualized aluminum strip for packaging purposes, with which decorative or identification elements can be reliably embossed without additional production steps being required, for example at the producer of the packaging means, is achieved in that decorative or other identification elements are embossed into the strip in the last rolling pass of cold rolling and in that the strip thickness is greater in the area of the decorative and identification elements than in the remaining areas of the strip.