Systems, devices, and methods are described for drawing materials. In certain embodiments, the material is metal tubing that is hollow along its length. The drawing system may include a first drawing machine that is fixed or stationary and a second drawing machine that moves relative to the first drawing machine. In certain embodiments, the position of the second drawing machine is determined with respect to a desired position, wherein the second drawing machine is downstream from the first drawing machine, and wherein the material is successively drawn by the first and second drawing machines. The drawing speed of the first drawing machine may be adjusted from a first speed to a second speed based on the determined position of the second drawing machine. A programmable logic controller may be provided to control, at least in part, operations of the drawing system.

A formed material is manufactured by performing forming including at least one drawing-out process and at least one drawing process performed after the drawing-out process. A punch 31 used in the drawing-out process is formed to be wider on a rear end side than on a tip end side. By pushing a raw material metal plate into a pushing hole 30a together with the punch 31, ironing is performed on a region of the raw material metal plate corresponding to a flange portion.

A formed material is manufactured by performing forming including at least one drawing-out process and at least one drawing process performed after the drawing-out process. A punch 31 used in the drawing-out process is formed to be wider on a rear end side than on a tip end side. By pushing a raw material metal plate into a pushing hole 30a together with the punch 31, ironing is performed on a region of the raw material metal plate corresponding to a flange portion.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a finished metal object or product having a corrosion resistant layer integral to or within a top portion of at least one of its surfaces that would be exposed to a corrosive environment. In one embodiment, the method for manufacturing is directed to a finished metal tubing product having a corrosion resistant layer within its inside surface that is exposed to a fluid and wherein the corrosion resistant layer is a zinc-metal oxide layer, such as a zinc-chromium oxide layer, or a zinc-mixed metal oxide layer. In addition to methods of manufacturing, the present invention provides finished metal objects or products having a corrosion resistant layer integral to or within a top portion of at least one surfaces that would be exposed to a corrosive environment.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a finished metal object or product having a corrosion resistant layer integral to or within a top portion of at least one of its surfaces that would be exposed to a corrosive environment. In one embodiment, the method for manufacturing is directed to a finished metal tubing product having a corrosion resistant layer within its inside surface that is exposed to a fluid and wherein the corrosion resistant layer is a zinc-metal oxide layer, such as a zinc-chromium oxide layer, or a zinc-mixed metal oxide layer. In addition to methods of manufacturing, the present invention provides finished metal objects or products having a corrosion resistant layer integral to or within a top portion of at least one surfaces that would be exposed to a corrosive environment.

Metallic tubular products having improved collapse resistance are disclosed. The metallic tubular products are produced by compressive forming processes. The method comprises identifying the types of stress that can be applied in order to change the residual stress profile of metallic tubular products, such as those that have completed a straightening process, and results in a residual stress profile that improves collapse resistance. The metallic tubular products are subjected to radial compression processing to control the residual stress profile and to enhance collapse resistance. The radial compression process may be used after the tubular product has been subjected to a straightening process.

A method for manufacturing a double-wall heat-exchanger tube including an external tube and an internal tube, these tubes being metallic, cylindrical and coaxial. This method includes providing a first tube having an inside diameter d.sub.1int and an outside diameter d.sub.1ext, this first tube being intended to form the external tube, a second tube having an inside diameter d.sub.2int and an outside diameter d.sub.2ext, this second tube being intended to form the internal tube, and a cylindrical coaxial tubular leaf made from Fe.sup.0 having an inside diameter d.sub.int and an outside diameter d.sub.ext, such that 0.15 mm(d1intdext)0.25 mm, 0.15 mm(dintd2ext)0.25 mm, and 10 m(dextdint)200 m.

A forming assembly for forming a wick is disclosed. The forming assembly includes a tube inflatable to an inflated configuration. A wick mesh is configured to be wrapped about the tube. The forming assembly further includes a sheath positionable about the tube and the wick mesh. The tube and the sheath are configured to compress the wick mesh and form the wick based on the tube inflating towards the inflated configuration.

Housings for electronic devices may include a steel body, such as a stainless steel body, that has an outer portion and an inner portion. The outer portion may exhibit an average Vickers hardness of 200 HV or higher. The inner portion may exhibit an average Vickers hardness of 180 HV or lower. The lower hardness of the inner portion may facilitate working the material of the inner portion, such as to form attachment points, protrusions, holes, or other features. Various additional devices, methods, and systems are also disclosed.

Housings for electronic devices may include a steel body, such as a stainless steel body, that has an outer portion and an inner portion. The outer portion may exhibit an average Vickers hardness of 200 HV or higher. The inner portion may exhibit an average Vickers hardness of 180 HV or lower. The lower hardness of the inner portion may facilitate working the material of the inner portion, such as to form attachment points, protrusions, holes, or other features. Various additional devices, methods, and systems are also disclosed.