The present invention relates to a removable artificial reef and barrier system capable of mitigating detrimental wave and current energy and erosion problems, enhancing biological growth and marine aquaculture, increasing carbon sequestration, providing power generation, and enhancing favorable surf conditions for recreational use.

An elongate tape element (508), a flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The tape element has a cross-sectional profile comprising a body portion (510) for being positioned between collapse resistant tape windings such that each body portion lies at least partially in a gap (512) between adjacent collapse resistant tape windings (501); and at least one wing portion (516) extending from an end region of the body portion (510), the at least one wing portion (516) configured to span the gap (512) and respectively abut with a radially inner surface of an adjacent collapse resistant tape winding (501).

Methods and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical mount body (350) comprising a first open mouth at a first end of the cylindrical body (350) and a further open mouth at a remaining end of the cylindrical body, a substantially cylindrical inner surface, and an outer surface that includes a plurality of spaced apart substantially parallel recessed regions that extends circumferentially around the body, wherein the cylindrical body (350) is tapered at each end and at least one securing element is located between the recessed regions.

A method and a device for separating a wound tube (1) which includes interlocking windings (11, 12, 13, 14) of a metal strip (2) are provided, the wound tube (1) is welded in a predetermined axial region (10) and is then severed within the region (10) in a radial plane (6). The method furthermore defines that the wound tube (1) is axially compressed in the predetermined region prior to welding, such that the windings (11, 12, 13, 14) bear against one another in the region (10), and the welding is carried out along a predetermined number of turns (11, 12) in the region (10).

flexible pipe body and a method of providing electrical continuity are disclosed. The flexible pipe body comprises a first armour layer formed from a helical winding of a metal tape element, a further armour layer formed from a helical winding of a further metal tape element, and at least one intermediate layer between the first and further armour layers, said intermediate layer comprising a helically wound electrically insulating tape element (800.sub.0, 800.sub.1, 800.sub.2, 800.sub.3, 800.sub.4) and a helically wound electrically conductive tape element (810.sub.0, 810.sub.1, 810.sub.2, 810.sub.3, 810.sub.4).

A horizontally wound continuous coil of metallurgically heat treated metal tubing is alternatively formed in a multi-layered configuration using a sequential four-layer or two-layer pattern of winding layer groups. The method of sequential four-layer or two-layer patterning of winding groups support formation of jumbo horizontally wound coils of continuous annealed copper tubing for use by end users of annealed copper tubing.

A flexible pipe and method of producing a flexible pipe are disclosed. The method includes bending armour wires of a flexible pipe body about 10 to 50 degrees from a longitudinal axis of the pipe body using a temporary collar member; inserting a further collar member radially inwards of the bent armour wires such that a portion of the armour wires lay over the further collar member; and mating the flexible pipe body and further collar member with an end fitting body.

A flexible pipe and method of producing a flexible pipe are disclosed. The method includes bending armour wires of a flexible pipe body about 10 to 50 degrees from a longitudinal axis of the pipe body using a temporary collar member; inserting a further collar member radially inwards of the bent armour wires such that a portion of the armour wires lay over the further collar member; and mating the flexible pipe body and further collar member with an end fitting body.

Spiral forming methods can be used to join edges of a rolled material along a spiral joint to form conical and/or cylindrical structures. Alignment of the edges of the rolled material can be controlled in a wrapping direction as the material is being joined along the spiral joint to form the structure. By controlling alignment of the edges of the material as the edges of the material are being joined, small corrections can be made over the course of forming the structure facilitating control over geometric tolerances of the resulting spiral formed structure.

Spiral forming methods can be used to join edges of a rolled material along a spiral joint to form conical and/or cylindrical structures. Alignment of the edges of the rolled material can be controlled in a wrapping direction as the material is being joined along the spiral joint to form the structure. By controlling alignment of the edges of the material as the edges of the material are being joined, small corrections can be made over the course of forming the structure facilitating control over geometric tolerances of the resulting spiral formed structure.