A localized annealing process and a part having localized areas with increased ductility produced by the process. The part is formed of hard material, tempered, and/or otherwise hardened such that it meets minimum hardness and ductility requirements. The part further includes localized areas that have increased ductility for workability, which could include various types of deformation. The localized annealing process includes providing a part with low levels of ductility and then annealing localized areas of the part for increased ductility that will need to be machined or attached to another formed part. The annealing process includes placing an electrode on either side of the localized area and generating electricity through the localized area. The material in the localized area is then heated from the electricity to form a more ductile physical structure.

After an annular plate is blanked from a metal flat plate in a blanking step, an inner peripheral portion of the annular plate is deformed upward in a burring step. As a result, a hat-shaped intermediate product having an upstanding tubular portion and an annular plate portion is formed. After that, an outer peripheral portion of the annular plate portion is folded step by step toward an inner peripheral side of the annular plate portion. As a result, a folded portion composed of a first folded portion and a second folded portion is formed, whereby a connection portion having a second flange portion is formed.

Only a punched end is locally heated while a current value of a heating electrode is stabilized during heating. A forming and processing method includes punching a steel plate, and disposing a heating coil so as to face an end face of a punched end punched in the punching in a non-contact manner along the end face of the punched end and applying a current to the heating coil to generate an induced electromotive force in the steel plate, thereby heating the end face.

Disclosed are a support unit and a floor plate. The support unit includes a first plate and a second plate which are spaced apart from each other, one end of the first plate is provided with a plurality of first ring walls at intervals, one end of second plate facing the first plate is provided with a plurality of second ring walls at intervals, the plurality of second ring walls are arranged corresponding to the plurality of first ring walls, each of the second ring walls is sleeved outside and matched with a respective one of the first ring walls to form a support structure that supports the first plate and the second plate.

A punch and die assembly for a forming assembly for forming flared openings in commercial forming steel sheeting, includes a punch. The punch has a punching element having a base portion and a working portion that extends from a face of the base portion, the working portion defining a working edge with more than two substantially evenly spaced peaks and troughs for forming an opening in the steel sheeting during a working stroke. A flaring element is mountable on the base portion of the punching element, a side of the flaring element defining an arcuate flaring surface that tapers inwardly in the direction of the working stroke. A die supports the steel sheeting, the die having a die opening with a flared die face for facing the flaring surface of the flaring element such that the opening in the steel sheeting is flared by the flaring surface of the flaring element and the die face in the working stroke.

A manufacturing method of a slinger, includes steps of: molding an annular blank material from a dull-finished steel sheet material through sheet metal press working or the like; and burring the blank material to mold a slinger. The values of the arithmetical mean roughness Ra of faces, of a burring mold, which individually come into contact with first and second slide-contact surfaces of the slinger, are set to 0.03 μm≤Ra≤0.07 μm. A ratio of pressure application force for holding the blank material between the faces to the 0.2% proof stress of the dull-finished material, is set to 1.0 or more and 1.53 or less. A clearance for the burring mold is set to T×(0.9 to 0.7) where “T” represents the sheet thickness of the blank material.

Method for forming a collar in a muffler shell including: providing a muffler shell made of a metal sheet and forming a muffler housing, the muffler shell having an exhaust gas opening, providing a collar forming head having a rotational axis and at least two movable expanders, introducing a collar forming head into a muffler housing, moving the expanders of the collar forming head introduced into the muffler shell radially away from the rotational axis of the collar forming head from a retracted position to an expanded position rotating the collar forming head around the of the collar forming head, bringing the rotating expanded collar forming head in contact with the metal sheet forming an outwardly projecting collar around the exhaust gas opening by flaring the edge of the metal sheet.

A method for processing a steel plate includes punching a steel plate as a workpiece fixed to a punching die by a punch, making a first heating electrode provided on a punch holder for supporting the punch and a second heating electrode provided on the punching die face each other by maintaining the punch in a state in which the punch penetrates the steel plate and heating a part of the steel plate including a trim edge punched in the punching, and pulling out the punch from the punching die.

Only a punched end is locally heated while a current value of a heating electrode is stabilized during heating. A forming and processing method includes punching a steel plate, and disposing a heating coil so as to face an end face of a punched end punched in the punching in a non-contact manner along the end face of the punched end and applying a current to the heating coil to generate an induced electromotive force in the steel plate, thereby heating the end face.

A two piece pulling member is used to form a branched opening with a shoulder in a side wall of a malleable pipe without requiring the pulling member to be inserted from an end of the pipe. The pulling member has a base and a top that are individually placed through the initial hole in the pipe. The base and the top are assembled into a unit inside the pipe.