There is provided an apparatus for manufacturing a thin uneven member. The apparatus includes a lower die fixed to a press bed, an upper die fixed to a ram and disposed opposed to the lower die, and a pressure-drive unit which presses the ram using a servo motor as a power source, the servo motor being fixed to a first support member. The pressure-drive unit includes a motion converting mechanism which converts a rotation of the servo motor to a linear motion of a lifting member, and a cylinder block connected and fixed to the first support member and including first and second pistons arranged in series vertically, wherein the first piston is connected to the lifting member through a second support member, and the second piston, larger in diameter than the first piston, presses the ram.

A corner flashing system is provided for sealing the corners of recessed window frames against moisture penetration. In a preferred embodiment, the system comprises first and second double-flap members, a half-cube member, and caulking. The first and second double-flap members, and the half-cube member are preferably made of asphalt or petroleum based material. In another preferred embodiment, the system comprises one double-flap member, a modified half-cube member, and caulking. In another preferred embodiment, the system comprises a single member that combines a double-flap member and a half-cube member, and caulking. In another preferred embodiment, the system comprises a combination member, a double-flap member, and caulking.

A corner flashing system is provided for sealing the corners of recessed window frames against moisture penetration. In a preferred embodiment, the system comprises first and second double-flap members, a half-cube member, and caulking. The first and second double-flap members, and the half-cube member are preferably made of asphalt or petroleum based material. In another preferred embodiment, the system comprises one double-flap member, a modified half-cube member, and caulking. In another preferred embodiment, the system comprises a single member that combines a double-flap member and a half-cube member, and caulking. In another preferred embodiment, the system comprises a combination member, a double-flap member, and caulking.

A machine for machining, such as cutting and/or forming, planar workpieces has an upper tool and a lower tool that are movable toward each other to machine a workpiece arranged therebetween. The upper tool includes at least one cutting tool having at least one cutting edge and a clamping shaft. The lower tool includes a main body having a support surface for the workpiece. The support surface has an opening associated with an inner counter cutting edge. The lower tool has a positioning axis and at least one outer counter cutting edge provided outside of the opening and associated with the support surface. The outer counter cutting edge is aligned with an outer face of the support surface. A distance of the outer counter cutting edge from the position axis and a distance of the inner counter cutting edge from the position axis deviate from each other.

A forming method of a disk-shaped member in which a plate formed into a disk shape and a protruded flange protruding from an outer periphery of the plate are integrally formed, includes: forming a preformed body from a plate member by a press forming, the preformed body having a protrusion in an outer periphery of the plate, the protrusion having a width larger than a width of the flange; and forming the flange by cutting and removing an outer peripheral surface side of the protrusion to punch the preformed body from the plate member in a state where a mold is in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the protrusion and a portion connected to a root of the protrusion.

A forming method of a disk-shaped member in which a plate formed into a disk shape and a protruded flange protruding from an outer periphery of the plate are integrally formed, includes: forming a preformed body from a plate member by a press forming, the preformed body having a protrusion in an outer periphery of the plate, the protrusion having a width larger than a width of the flange; and forming the flange by cutting and removing an outer peripheral surface side of the protrusion to punch the preformed body from the plate member in a state where a mold is in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the protrusion and a portion connected to a root of the protrusion.

A method for machining includes providing a component or a semifinished part which has a main body with a first surface and with a first surface coating provided on the first surface. The method also includes notching the component or the semifinished part on the first surface coated with the first surface coating. The method also includes severing, perforating or trimming the component or the semifinished part along the notch. At least a part of the first surface coating which is notched in the process is maintained along notch surfaces.

A method for machining includes providing a component or a semifinished part which has a main body with a first surface and with a first surface coating provided on the first surface. The method also includes notching the component or the semifinished part on the first surface coated with the first surface coating. The method also includes severing, perforating or trimming the component or the semifinished part along the notch. At least a part of the first surface coating which is notched in the process is maintained along notch surfaces.

A sheet-shaped blank (10) for press forming is produced by shearing a metal sheet (30). The blank (10) includes a sheared edge (14), which includes a sheared surface (14b) and a fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction and has a loop shape in plan view. In plan view, an edge of the sheared edge (14) includes concavely curved portions (20). The average of lengths of the fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction in the curved portions (20) is greater than the average of lengths of the fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction over the entire perimeter of the sheared edge (14).

An apparatus to produce a letterbox using a strip of material includes: a bender to receive and bend the strip of material into a desired shape of a letterbox including flanges and notches, and the bender to bend at least one end of the strip of material slightly to produce a slight bent; a processor to measure a first plurality of hole positions on a first end of the strip of material and a second plurality of hole positions on flanges of the strip of material, wherein the first plurality of hole positions on the first end are measured to match a first plurality of holes on a second end of the strip of material, wherein the second plurality of hole positions on the flanges are measured to match a second plurality of holes on a base plate; and a puncher to punch the first plurality of holes on at least one of the first end and the second end of the strip of material according to the first plurality of hole positions, and the puncher to punch the second plurality of holes on the flanges according to the second plurality of hole positions.