A device for fixing a metal tube with a plate by expansion includes a pressure head, a jacket and an expansion block. The jacket is of a cylindrical structure having a bottom and provided with a plurality of openings on the side having the bottom and near the bottom, and threads are provided on inner wall of jacket; threads are provided on outer wall of pressure head, and threads on outer wall of pressure head are matched with threads on inner wall of jacket; a cone head is fixed below pressure head and has an outer surface in an inverted cone shape; the expansion block has an inner surface in an inverted cone shape, a plurality of extrusion heads are arranged on outer surface and pass through openings on the side of the jacket; and inner surface of the expansion block is fitted with outer surface of the cone head.

A bumper system includes a rear wall of a bumper beam provided with hole portions, and a bumper stay including tubular portions extending in the longitudinal direction, the tubular portions being inserted into the hole portions and joined to the hole portions by pipe expansion joining. The bumper stay includes a pulling-out obstructing portion protruding from the outer surfaces of the tubular portions in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The pulling-out obstructing portion abuts on the rear wall of the bumper beam in the direction in which the bumper stay is pulled out from the hole portions.

A bumper system includes a rear wall of a bumper beam provided with hole portions, and a bumper stay including tubular portions extending in the longitudinal direction, the tubular portions being inserted into the hole portions and joined to the hole portions by pipe expansion joining. The bumper stay includes a pulling-out obstructing portion protruding from the outer surfaces of the tubular portions in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The pulling-out obstructing portion abuts on the rear wall of the bumper beam in the direction in which the bumper stay is pulled out from the hole portions.

A bumper spring assembly having a one piece mandrel including an integral head piece is further configured with a cage assembly retained on the mandrel with a cage nut locked to the mandrel to obviate the need for pins, set screws, and the like, to provide a more robust assembly. In two embodiments the cage nut is locked to the mandrel in a swaging operation. Improved flow of fluids through and around the bumper spring assembly are also provided

A bumper spring assembly having a one piece mandrel including an integral head piece is further configured with a cage assembly retained on the mandrel with a cage nut locked to the mandrel to obviate the need for pins, set screws, and the like, to provide a more robust assembly. In two embodiments the cage nut is locked to the mandrel in a swaging operation. Improved flow of fluids through and around the bumper spring assembly are also provided

A method may be utilized to produce a steering spindle part configured as a hollow shaft and having a connecting portion at its end. At least a part of the connecting portion includes increased wall thickness relative to a portion of the steering spindle part adjoining the connecting portion. The method may involve providing a circular, hollow cylindrical tube with an inner surface that is smooth in a circumferential direction, providing a circular, hollow cylindrical sleeve with an outer surface that is smooth in a circumferential direction, inserting the sleeve into an end portion of the tube, and jointly deforming the end portion of the tube and the sleeve such that a flow of material occurs. This flow may form positively locking elements on the tube and the sleeve that engage into one another in the circumferential direction and generate positive locking in the circumferential direction.

In a method for joining bumper members, a bumper reinforcement including a rear inclined wall provided with a hole, and a bumper stay in a hollow shape are prepared. The method for joining bumper members includes the steps of: inserting the bumper stay through the hole of the bumper reinforcement to pass through the rear inclined wall; inserting rubber into the bumper stay; and compressing the rubber in a direction of an axis L of the bumper stay to expand the rubber outward from inside to expand and deform at least a portion of the bumper stay inserted into the hole, thereby joining the bumper stay to the rear inclined wall by press-fitting.

In a method for joining bumper members, a bumper reinforcement including a rear inclined wall provided with a hole, and a bumper stay in a hollow shape are prepared. The method for joining bumper members includes the steps of: inserting the bumper stay through the hole of the bumper reinforcement to pass through the rear inclined wall; inserting rubber into the bumper stay; and compressing the rubber in a direction of an axis L of the bumper stay to expand the rubber outward from inside to expand and deform at least a portion of the bumper stay inserted into the hole, thereby joining the bumper stay to the rear inclined wall by press-fitting.

A swage mechanism operable to expand an inner diameter of tubing. The swage mechanism includes a housing defining a longitudinal axis, a plurality of jaws coupled to the housing and movable relative to the longitudinal axis for selectively gripping the tubing, and a ram including a cylindrical portion and a frusto-conical head portion. The frusto-conical head portion of the ram is insertable into the tubing to expand the inner diameter of the tubing.

A swage mechanism operable to expand an inner diameter of tubing. The swage mechanism includes a housing defining a longitudinal axis, a plurality of jaws coupled to the housing and movable relative to the longitudinal axis for selectively gripping the tubing, and a ram including a cylindrical portion and a frusto-conical head portion. The frusto-conical head portion of the ram is insertable into the tubing to expand the inner diameter of the tubing.