A heat spreader including a top surface opposite a bottom surface, a cavity formed within and extending upwardly from the bottom surface, wherein the cavity includes an inner wall extending around the cavity and extending vertically downward from an inner cavity surface of the cavity. The heat spreader further includes an outer periphery extending vertically upward from the bottom surface of the heat spreader and extending around the cavity, and at least one step disposed within the cavity an having a surface that is positioned at a vertical height lower than a vertical height of the inner cavity surface of the cavity.

A method of forming an article comprises placing a first material and a second material in a die of a direct current sintering apparatus. The second material directly contacts the first material. An electric current and pressure are applied to the first material and the second material to form an article. An additional method comprises placing a nickel-based material in direct contact with one or more other nickel-based materials to form a stack of nickel-based materials. An electric current and pressure are applied to the stack of nickel-based materials to join the nickel-based material and the one or more other nickel-based materials. Related articles are also disclosed.

A method of forming an article comprises placing a first material and a second material in a die of a direct current sintering apparatus. The second material directly contacts the first material. An electric current and pressure are applied to the first material and the second material to form an article. An additional method comprises placing a nickel-based material in direct contact with one or more other nickel-based materials to form a stack of nickel-based materials. An electric current and pressure are applied to the stack of nickel-based materials to join the nickel-based material and the one or more other nickel-based materials. Related articles are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat and humidity exchange plate of an air-to-air counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger, which comprises a supporting member (101) and at least one polymeric vapour-permeable membrane (102), characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: a - continuous formation of a semi-finished product for the supporting member (101) in the form of an expanded metal structure (1010) from a strip of thin metal foil (1011), whereby the operations of slitting in the transverse direction, stretching in the longitudinal direction and rolling over the entire width of the strip are successively performed; b - providing the expanded metal structure (1010) according to the preceding step with a thin vapour-permeable polymeric membrane (102); c - on the expanded metal structure (1010) provided with the vapour-permeable polymeric membrane (102), formation of corrugated and embossed shape elements of the future heat and humidity exchange plate (10) of the counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger (1) by means of omnidirectional deformation; d - creating a circumferential shape of the heat and humidity exchange plate of the counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger (1) by removing excess edges.

In addition, the invention relates to a heat and humidity exchange plate (10) of an air-to-air counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger and to an air-to-air counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger with this plate (10).

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat and humidity exchange plate of an air-to-air counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger, which comprises a supporting member (101) and at least one polymeric vapour-permeable membrane (102), characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: a - continuous formation of a semi-finished product for the supporting member (101) in the form of an expanded metal structure (1010) from a strip of thin metal foil (1011), whereby the operations of slitting in the transverse direction, stretching in the longitudinal direction and rolling over the entire width of the strip are successively performed; b - providing the expanded metal structure (1010) according to the preceding step with a thin vapour-permeable polymeric membrane (102); c - on the expanded metal structure (1010) provided with the vapour-permeable polymeric membrane (102), formation of corrugated and embossed shape elements of the future heat and humidity exchange plate (10) of the counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger (1) by means of omnidirectional deformation; d - creating a circumferential shape of the heat and humidity exchange plate of the counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger (1) by removing excess edges.

In addition, the invention relates to a heat and humidity exchange plate (10) of an air-to-air counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger and to an air-to-air counterflow enthalpy heat exchanger with this plate (10).

In a method for producing a multilayered heat shield, which has a first metal layer and a second metal layer that has an insulating layer arranged between the metal layers, the metal layers are connected at the edge by a flanging. To produce the heat shield, the first metal layer, the insulating layer and the second metal layer are placed into a first pressing tool. This is effected in such a way that an edge portion of the first metal layer protrudes beyond an edge portion of the second metal layer. The insulating layer is set back from the edge portions of the first metal layer and of the second metal layer.

In a method for producing a multilayered heat shield, which has a first metal layer and a second metal layer that has an insulating layer arranged between the metal layers, the metal layers are connected at the edge by a flanging. To produce the heat shield, the first metal layer, the insulating layer and the second metal layer are placed into a first pressing tool. This is effected in such a way that an edge portion of the first metal layer protrudes beyond an edge portion of the second metal layer. The insulating layer is set back from the edge portions of the first metal layer and of the second metal layer.

The apresnt disclosure adopts the thermal bonding process to process the microchannel heat sink. By placing the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate on the plates of the microchannel heat sink, the pressure is directly applied, and there is no need to add other adhesives.

The apresnt disclosure adopts the thermal bonding process to process the microchannel heat sink. By placing the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate on the plates of the microchannel heat sink, the pressure is directly applied, and there is no need to add other adhesives.

The heat exchanger includes a heat radiation part having an opened outer surface, and frame bodies provided at both ends of the heat radiation part, and the heat radiation part includes a displacement adjuster that functions as a spring element. The heat exchanger is manufactured by additive manufacturing by use of a metal material including forming the displacement adjuster that functions as the spring element integrally with the heat radiation part and forming the frame bodies integrally with both ends of the heat radiation part.