A method includes mounting a hollow cylinder on a turntable, positioning an additive-manufacturing deposition tool at a surface of the hollow cylinder, and rotating the hollow cylinder on the turntable while depositing material on the hollow cylinder with the deposition tool. Further, a method includes making an opening in a wall of the hollow cylinder, forming a part to fit in the opening, and welding the part to the hollow cylinder such that the part fills the opening. The hollow cylinder has an inner radius and an outer radius, and the part is formed with an inner radius of curvature and an outer radius of curvature substantially similar to the inner radius and outer radius, respectively, of the hollow cylinder when the part is positioned in the opening.

A forging assembly may comprise a first die and a second die configured to translate toward the second die. A first sensor may be coupled to at least one of the first die or the second die. The first sensor may be configured to output a first signal correlating to a first distance between the first die and the second die. Additional sensors may be applied to track die alignment during the forging process.

The present invention is directed to an integral planet carrier with no joints, a method of manufacturing it and an apparatus for doing so. Such integrally manufactured components have better strength than a conventionally produced multi-piece jointed planet carriers or integral planet carriers made from casting process. The present invention provides a hot forging process which can be used for the manufacturing of the planet carrier. The manufacturing process comprises of forward extrusion of a billet followed by backward extrusion. This is followed by bending operation, which is in turn followed by a flattening operation. Post-forging heat treatment and other treatments such as shot blasting follow. Finally machining is carried out to arrive at the final integrally formed planet carrier. The forward extrusion, backward extrusion, bending and flattening operations are done on a press or hammer having sufficient energy and load capacity. Preferably these operations are performed on a hydraulic press in order to achieve the required accuracy and precision.

A forging apparatus and a forged product manufacturing method aim to prevent decrease in the temperature of a forging space and the temperature of a forging material, efficiently maintain the uniformity of the temperatures of upper and lower dies, and improve forging efficiency. In the forging apparatus and the forged product manufacturing method according to the present invention, the upper and lower dies are heated by a heating mechanism in a housing in which a charging port of an integrally formed housing body is closed by a door, the upper and lower dies are moved relatively in a facing direction of the upper and lower dies, the heating mechanism is moved relatively in the facing direction with respect to at least one of the relatively moving upper and lower dies, and whereby the forging material is forged between the upper and lower dies. Furthermore, the forged product manufacturing method is used to manufacture a forged product from the forging material.

In a method for thickening a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, with effective radial support of the unthickened hollow body wall on an outer supporting face of an outer mold and with effective radial support of the hollow body wall on an inner supporting face of an inner supporting body, the hollow body is acted on by a compressive force by two application members at application points by moving the application members towards one another in the axial direction with a compressing movement. The application points on the hollow body are distanced from one another in the axial direction. An expansion space of the outer mold is arranged between the application points. Due to the compressing movement of the application members, material of the hollow body wall between the application points is plasticised in the region of the expansion space of the outer mold, and plasticised material of the hollow body wall flows into the expansion space of the outer mold, thus thickening the hollow body wall.

Forging dies are formed from a plurality of layers stacked together to form an assembly, or laminate. Each respective layer may be cut to form a portion of a die cavity, and the layers may be stacked together such that the cut portions are aligned to form the die cavity. The layers are fastened together to form a first die half and/or a second die half of disclosed forging dies. Each layer may be selectively removable from the die half for maintenance and/or replacement. Disclosed forging dies may be formed of lower grade materials as compared to conventional forging dies, and the number and thickness of layers may be varied to accommodate the specific part geometry of the part being forged. Related methods of making said forging dies and using said forging dies to make parts are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a ring gear and a gear reduction device. The ring gear includes a one-piece annular body made from powder metallurgy material, and a first ring gear part and a second ring gear part formed on a surface of the annular body. The first ring gear part and the second ring gear part are arranged along an axial direction of the annular body. The ring gear has a density that is less than 92% of its theoretical density and in the range of 6.0 to 8.0 grams per cubic centimeter. The present invention further provides a mold for manufacturing the ring gear. The ring gear of the present invention includes two ring gears integrally formed at once, and the two ring gears have improved concentricity.

The invention relates to the production of profiled hose nipples. The invention was based on the object of providing a method and an apparatus which allow hose nipples of the type outlined in the introduction to be produced in a simple manner such that the formation of burrs is avoided and there is no reduction in diameter. This object is achieved in that during the forming of pipe portions (1) in the apparatus (2, 7, 9) according to the invention in the region of the subsequent ring-shaped webs (4) of the nipple profile (3), the material of the pipe portion (1), at its outwardly pointing end (4), does not come into contact with the tool in the region of the parting joints (6) of the apparatus (2, 7). This can be realized by additional cavities (14) in the tool (2, 7).

A method of manufacturing a trailer hitch receiver tube with an integral reinforcing collar is described. A two piece die having an interior shape and dimensions conforming to the shape and dimensions of a selected trailer hitch receiver tube is provided, the two pieces of the die being a right half and a left half. Each of the right and left halves of the die are provided with means to forcefully move the die from an open position to a closed position around a workpiece. The die, around an upper edge thereof is provided with a relief cavity around its perimeter having the shape of a reinforcement collar. A base mandrel is provided between the right and left halves of the die, the base mandrel having a size and shape conforming to the size and shape of the interior of a trailer hitch receiver tube, and the base mandrel having a height less than the die. A steel receiver tube is positioned on the base mandrel, the tube having a height greater than the die halves. The die halves are then closed forcefully against the receiver tube. A forming mandrel is provided above the receiver tube. The forming mandrel has a longitudinal portion that conforms in shape to the interior of the receiver tube, and a lateral, forming portion for bearing against the upper edge of the receiver tube to form the upper portion of a receiver tube into a reinforcing collar by deforming the upper end of said tube into the relief cavity. An upper edge of the receiver tube is then forcefully struck with the forming portion of the forming mandrel, to form the collar, wherein the longitudinal portion of the forming mandrel closely approaches an upper surface of the base mandrel after the collar is formed.

A method of manufacturing a handcuff includes bending a first bar of alloy into a curve roughly matching a shape of a desired cheek plate half, heating the first bar to a forging temperature, die forging the first bar into a first cheek frame forging having a first lockset cavity portion, and trimming the first forging to a form a first forged cheek from half having a first cheek arm. This is repeated with a second bar to obtain a second forged cheek frame half having a second cheek arm. The first cheek frame half is joined directly to the second cheek frame half, the first lockset cavity portion and the second lockset cavity portion combining to form a lockset cavity. A bow is pivotally attached between the first and second cheek arms and a lockset is installed in the lockset cavity.