Aluminum wheels include a rim and a disc having a mounting portion. The mounting portion includes an inner mounting face and an outer mounting face. The mounting portion also includes a coarse grain region and a fine grain region. The coarse grain region can be adjacent, and at least partially form, one of the inner mounting face or the outer mounting face. The coarse grain region includes aluminum alloy grains of a first average grain length that is greater than 1 mm. The fine grain region extends between the coarse grain region and the other of the inner mounting face or the outer mounting face. The fine grain region includes aluminum alloy grains of a second average grain length that is less than 0.5 mm.

Aluminum alloys described herein include silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, and chromium. In various implementations, the aluminum alloys also include one or more of zinc and titanium. Typically, a total amount of iron and manganese in the aluminum alloys is no less than 0.28% by weight and no greater than 0.45% by weight, and the grains in the aluminum alloys have an average grain length of no greater than 6 mm. Aluminum alloy billets can be forged for wheel production at selected temperatures.

A rotary press device (33) includes a restriction section (36) configured to restrict a motion of a roll (30) around a central axis of a roll (30) against movement of the roll (30) around a central axis of a hub main body (8) during rotary forging. In an example, the restriction section (36) has guide teeth (44) meshed with teeth formed on a processing surface of the roll (30).

A rotary press device (33) includes a restriction section (36) configured to restrict a motion of a roll (30) around a central axis of a roll (30) against movement of the roll (30) around a central axis of a hub main body (8) during rotary forging. In an example, the restriction section (36) has guide teeth (44) meshed with teeth formed on a processing surface of the roll (30).

There is provided a method capable of producing a wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit at low cost. In an event of producing a wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit, a cylindrical portion formed in an axial end portion of a hub ring is inserted through an inner ring, swing caulking is performed by pressing a die against a tip end portion of the cylindrical portion protruding to an axial end portion side more than the inner ring and an axial end surface of the inner ring is held by a caulked portion formed by caulking and expanding the tip end portion of the cylindrical portion radially outward. In such a way, the inner ring and the hub ring are fixed integrally witch each other. At this time, a swing angle of the swing caulking is set at 15 degrees or more to 30 degrees or less.

A rotary flow forming apparatus for producing light alloy rims contains a main spindle with a clamping apparatus for a rim blank. An outer pressure roller is provided and is deliverable radially from the outside in and is movable parallel to the spindle axis, for producing an outer contour of the light alloy rim. The apparatus does not require massive internal dies and thereby significantly reduces the production costs and significantly improves the efficiency of rim production, which is achieved by the fact that the rotary flow forming apparatus has an inner pressure roller for generating an inner contour of the light alloy rim, which is arranged in the region of the inner side of the rim blank opposite the outer pressure roller and is mounted so as to be movable parallel to the spindle axis, rotatable, and deliverable radially from the inside outward to the rim blank.

A bearing device 1 for a vehicle wheel, wherein an outer member 2 (specifically, a work piece W serving as the material for the outer member 2) is a plastic work piece in which an open hole (specifically, an open hole Wh of the work piece W) in an outer-side end part is pushed out from the inner sides, and the outer periphery of the outer member 2 has a thick part 2f that is enlarged radially outward.

The application relates to a device for applying an applied force to a connection element such that the connection element is plastically deformed by the application of force. The device comprises a movably mounted head part with a machining head which is designed to contact the connection element; a drive which is designed to drive a translation of the head part in the longitudinal axis thereof; a second drive which is designed to drive a rotation of the machining head about a longitudinal axis; and a housing for receiving the first drive, the second drive, and the head part. The first drive and the second drive are electrically driven and are arranged coaxially. The application further relates to a method for operating a device according to the application and to the use of a device according to the application as an electric riveting machine.

An axial section of a continuous portion where an outer peripheral surface of a spindle portion of a main spindle in which a punch is installed is continuous with an outer peripheral surface of a punch holder is formed of a first circular arc joined to the outer peripheral surface of the spindle portion and a second circular arc joined to the outer peripheral surface of the punch holder. The first circular arc and the second circular arc are in contact with each other. The second circular arc is smaller than the first circular arc in curvature radius.

A method of manufacturing a hub unit bearing (1) includes the step of applying an axial load to a shaft end of a hub body (21) so that a staking portion (26) for inner races (22a, 22b) is formed in the hub body (21). The load is adjusted based on at least one of first information acquired before applying the load and second information acquired while applying the load.