A metal sleeve including a metal body which surrounds an inner channel running between a proximal and a distal opening. The inner channel has at least one groove set back into the metal body, running in the longitudinal direction of the inner channel and stepped on both sides by a distal and a proximal front edge. The proximal front edge of the groove is produced by impact extrusion.

A one-piece axle and a method of manufacture. The method may include providing a one-piece axle blank that has a shaft and a flange. The shaft may have a hole that may extend along an axis. The flange may extend radially outward from an end of the shaft. The shaft may be radially forged against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.

This torsion beam manufacturing method is for manufacturing a torsion beam including a central portion of which a cross-section orthogonal to a longitudinal direction is a closed cross-section having a substantial V-shape or a substantial U-shape at any position in the longitudinal direction, and a shape changing portion which has a connection region leading to the central portion and including a closed cross-section having a shape different from the shape of the closed cross-section of the central portion.

This torsion beam manufacturing method has a compression step of thickening at least the connection region through application of a compression force in the longitudinal direction to at least the connection region of a torsion beam material to obtain the torsion beam, the torsion beam material being formed with the central portion and the shape changing portion.

A method for producing a metal sleeve includes providing a first metal sleeve semi-finished product having a metal body. The metal body surrounds an inner channel. At least one groove is located in the metal body on the side of the inner channel. The first metal sleeve semi-finished product is pressed into a first die by means of a punch and in the process is formed by impact extrusion into the metal sleeve to be produced. The first die is designed such that a proximal front edge, which is spaced apart from the distal front edge and delimits the groove in the proximal direction, is formed in the metal body on the side of the inner channel. A metal sleeve includes a metal body which surrounds an inner channel running between a proximal and a distal opening. The inner channel has at least one groove set back into the metal body, running in the longitudinal direction of the inner channel and stepped on both sides by a distal and a proximal front edge. The proximal front edge of the groove is produced by impact extrusion. A method for producing a gearbox is provided.

A helical pier and extension shaft, one end of which is formed with a thickened hexagonally shaped female end coupler using a hot forging process that swedges and compresses the walls of the female coupler into a thickened hexagonal configuration, with subsequent heat treatment to recover and enhance yield and tensile strength to the entire main body section and female end coupler of the helical pier and extension shafts. A corresponding hexagonally shaped male coupler may be milled and inertia friction welded to the opposite end of each extension shaft, or alternatively hot forged and internally upset as an integral homogeneous part of each extension shaft, thereby completing construction of the extension shaft with opposing corresponding male and female hexagonal couplers. The forgoing helical pier has particular benefits in applications requiring deep soil penetration and/or when using a grouted helical pier system.

A drive axle shaft and method for making the same are provided. The drive axle shaft includes an elongate tubular body and a wheel flange. The elongate tubular body has a longitudinal axis and comprises a first end portion and a second end. The second end is configured to be coupled to a side gear in a differential. The wheel flange is disposed at the first end portion and is configured to support a vehicle wheel. The elongate tubular body and the wheel flange are formed as a unitary body without any weld therebetween.

In a method for thickening a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, with effective radial support of the unthickened hollow body wall on an outer supporting face of an outer mold and with effective radial support of the hollow body wall on an inner supporting face of an inner supporting body, the hollow body is acted on by a compressive force by two application members at application points by moving the application members towards one another in the axial direction with a compressing movement. The application points on the hollow body are distanced from one another in the axial direction. An expansion space of the outer mold is arranged between the application points. Due to the compressing movement of the application members, material of the hollow body wall between the application points is plasticised in the region of the expansion space of the outer mold, and plasticised material of the hollow body wall flows into the expansion space of the outer mold, thus thickening the hollow body wall.

A drive shaft includes a first annular wall and a second annular wall joined together via a friction-welded portion. The first annular wall and the second annular wall have outer diameters of 30 to 50 mm and wall thicknesses of 3 to 5 mm. A burr created at the friction-welded portion has a connection radius of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, a base radius of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, a burr base angle of less than or equal to 40?, and a burr slope length of 0.2 to 5 mm.

This hollow shaft member 10 includes paired diameter-reduced sections 11 respectively formed at both shaft ends of a hollow shaft-like tubular material by performing swaging processing on both the shaft ends, and an intermediate section 12 located between the paired diameter-reduced sections, and having an outer diameter larger than an outer diameter of the paired diameter-reduced sections. Shapes of connection boundaries between the intermediate section 12 and the diameter-reduced sections 11 are formed as perpendicular step-shaped sections 13 stepped substantially perpendicular to an axial direction, and the perpendicular step-shaped sections 13 are formed by the swaging processing.

A one-piece axle and a method of manufacture. The method may include providing a one-piece axle blank that has a shaft and a flange. The shaft may have a hole that may extend along an axis. The flange may extend radially outward from an end of the shaft. The shaft may be radially forged against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.