The subject invention relates to novel systems, materials and methods for aseptic production of fungi on a large scale. In particular, the subject invention provides systems, materials and methods for producing endomycorrhizal fungal propagules, including spores and hyphal mycelium, using a two-stratum system supplemented with plant hormones and other natural growth stimulators.

A pull mat for tunnel composting includes: a layer of straight unidirectionally oriented threads oriented in the longitudinal direction of the pull mat, the layer including a multitude of straight individual threads which are placed essentially parallel to each other in a single plane, the straight unidirectionally oriented threads being spaced apart from each other, at least one layer of open material, the at least one layer of open material being selected from a woven fabric, a laid scrim, a nonwoven fabric, and a perforated film, and optionally, a further layer of open material, wherein when the optional further layer of open material is present, the at least one layer of open material and the further layer of open material are positioned on opposite sides of the layer of straight, unidirectionally oriented threads.

A pull mat for tunnel composting includes: a layer of straight unidirectionally oriented threads oriented in the longitudinal direction of the pull mat, the layer including a multitude of straight individual threads which are placed essentially parallel to each other in a single plane, the straight unidirectionally oriented threads being spaced apart from each other, at least one layer of open material, the at least one layer of open material being selected from a woven fabric, a laid scrim, a nonwoven fabric, and a perforated film, and optionally, a further layer of open material, wherein when the optional further layer of open material is present, the at least one layer of open material and the further layer of open material are positioned on opposite sides of the layer of straight, unidirectionally oriented threads.

The present invention relates to a method for treating a plastic and/or paper waste material having steps including collecting a plastic and/or paper waste material, preferably paper, and highly preferably a release coated cellulose or polymeric sheet material. The material already includes a selected new-use additive preferably selected from flame retardant, hydrophobic material, pesticide, herbicides, minerals, nutrients, and/or mixtures thereof. The method includes the step of preparing the collected material by mixing, separating foreign bodies like metals, etc., and feeding it to a grinding station. The method also includes the step of, in one or several grinding stations, shredding and grinding the materials into small pieces.

Provided is an activator for a growth medium used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and the activator is used in a growth medium for mushroom artificial cultivation and improves and stabilizes the yield. The activator for a mushroom growth medium includes, as antacid inorganic substances, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. By changing the proportion of each element, the neutralization function is adjusted. By adding a small amount of the activator, an optimum cultivation pH for an intended type of mushroom is achieved, and the optimum cultivation pH can be maintained.

Provided is an activator for a growth medium used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and the activator is used in a growth medium for mushroom artificial cultivation and improves and stabilizes the yield. The activator for a mushroom growth medium includes, as antacid inorganic substances, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. By changing the proportion of each element, the neutralization function is adjusted. By adding a small amount of the activator, an optimum cultivation pH for an intended type of mushroom is achieved, and the optimum cultivation pH can be maintained.

A method of making a food source or medicinal composition and a mycotecture construction unit includes (a) cultivating a mycelium/substrate composite and edible mushrooms, and (b) manufacturing the mycotecture construction unit. A mycelium inoculum is formed of a preselected fungus and used to inoculate a substrate. Mycelium are grown in the inoculated substrate in a growing column and edible mushrooms are harvested from the mycelium, leaving a mycelium-substrate composite. The manufacture of the mycotecture construction unit includes placing the mycelium-substrate composite into a modular, reconfigurable press having a cavity with a predetermined shape; pressing the mycelium-substrate composite at a predetermined pressure; and heating the mycelium-substrate composite in a heating chamber. The construction unit is packaging, an insulation panel, a building construction material, or a household fitting with excellent compression strength, compressive modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, insulative properties, and fire retardant properties.

A method of making a food source or medicinal composition and a mycotecture construction unit includes (a) cultivating a mycelium/substrate composite and edible mushrooms, and (b) manufacturing the mycotecture construction unit. A mycelium inoculum is formed of a preselected fungus and used to inoculate a substrate. Mycelium are grown in the inoculated substrate in a growing column and edible mushrooms are harvested from the mycelium, leaving a mycelium-substrate composite. The manufacture of the mycotecture construction unit includes placing the mycelium-substrate composite into a modular, reconfigurable press having a cavity with a predetermined shape; pressing the mycelium-substrate composite at a predetermined pressure; and heating the mycelium-substrate composite in a heating chamber. The construction unit is packaging, an insulation panel, a building construction material, or a household fitting with excellent compression strength, compressive modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, insulative properties, and fire retardant properties.

Techniques for generating high-yield fungi production are disclosed. In one particular embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a system for generating high-yield fungi production, the system comprising at least one modular container and a growing system housed within the modular container. The growing system may include a substrate preparation system configured to accept substrate and prepare substrate for pasteurization, a pasteurization system configured to pasteurize prepared substrate received from the substrate preparation system, a draining, cooling, and packing system configured to cool and drain pasteurized prepared substrate from the pasteurization system and to pack pasteurized and cooled substrate into at least one growing container, an inoculation system configured to inoculate the pasteurized and cooled substrate, and a plurality of vertical racks coupled to a ceiling of the modular container and configured to hold the at least one growing container.

A method of generating multifunctional mycelium products (thread, foam, films, gels and liquids) derived from biodegraded waste and fungi includes inoculating a carbon-containing substrate with fungi; growing the fungi to form a mature mycelium; separating the mycelium from the carbon-containing substrate; and drying the mature mycelium. The mycelium is either injected into a mold and expanded, fermented to produce a liquid, or blended with water and gelling agents to form a hydrogel. The products sequester carbon and inherently combat pathogens, notably MRSA. Further augmented with synthetic enzyme substrates, the products offer bacterial detection. A standout feature is their capacity to hold and release therapeutic agents, diversifying their use from sustainable textiles to skincare, wound healing, and precise drug delivery.