The present application discloses a convex lens-shaped narrow face copper plate for continuous casting molds and its utilization method. The narrow face copper plate includes a first hot face and a second hot face. A first connecting line being provided at a joint of the first hot face and the second hot face, and two such first connecting lines being provided. A cross section of the first hot face is a convex arc, and the first hot face extends from an top of the narrow face copper plate to a bottom of the narrow face copper plate, and a height of the first hot face protruding relative to a plane where the two first connecting lines are located gradually decreases from the top of the narrow face copper plate to the bottom of the narrow face copper plate.

Method for producing ingots made of metal having cross-sectional areas of at least 0.10 m.sup.2 of a round, square or rectangular shape through casting of metal or molten steel either directly from the casting ladle (1) or using a fireproof lined intermediate vessel (3) in a short, water-cooled ingot mold open downwards (4) and withdrawing of the solidified ingot (6) from the same downwardly movable withdrawing tool (8), wherein the casting process is continued with a casting rate determined in accordance with the casting cross-section for as long as the desired or maximum ingot length determined by the height of lift of the withdrawing tool (8) is reached, and additional liquid metal is fed at the end of the regular casting process to an extent that at least the contraction of the metal and steel melt occurring during solidification is balanced during, and whereby after completion of the regular casting process and completion of the ingot withdrawal, the casting process is continued with a casting rate reduced by at least the Factor 10 from the heatable casting ladle (1) or the heatable intermediate vessel (3) or a distribution container, and is reduced progressively or continuously at the end of the solidification to 10% the rate at the start of the additional casting.

Method for producing ingots made of metal having cross-sectional areas of at least 0.10 m.sup.2 of a round, square or rectangular shape through casting of metal or molten steel either directly from the casting ladle (1) or using a fireproof lined intermediate vessel (3) in a short, water-cooled ingot mold open downwards (4) and withdrawing of the solidified ingot (6) from the same downwardly movable withdrawing tool (8), wherein the casting process is continued with a casting rate determined in accordance with the casting cross-section for as long as the desired or maximum ingot length determined by the height of lift of the withdrawing tool (8) is reached, and additional liquid metal is fed at the end of the regular casting process to an extent that at least the contraction of the metal and steel melt occurring during solidification is balanced during, and whereby after completion of the regular casting process and completion of the ingot withdrawal, the casting process is continued with a casting rate reduced by at least the Factor 10 from the heatable casting ladle (1) or the heatable intermediate vessel (3) or a distribution container, and is reduced progressively or continuously at the end of the solidification to 10% the rate at the start of the additional casting.

The invention relates to a refractory product, a use of zirconium dioxide, a zirconium dioxide, a method for manufacturing a refractory product and a refractory product manufactured by means of said method.

The invention relates to a refractory product, a use of zirconium dioxide, a zirconium dioxide, a method for manufacturing a refractory product and a refractory product manufactured by means of said method.

A refractory product contains a free carbon component of 10-30% by mass, and the remainder in which: a main mineral phase includes one or more of corundum, spinel, and periclase, with periclase content less than 40% by mass; and total content of a silica component and a silicon carbide component less than 15% by mass. When the remainder is defined as 100% by volume, refractory particles having particle size of: greater than 0.3 mm account for 20% by volume or more, and 0.045 mm or less account for 3-30% by volume, with a substantially continuous void layer present around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size among refractory particles in the refractory product. The refractory product has an apparent porosity of 16% or less, and a maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500 C. is 0.6% or less.

A refractory product contains a free carbon component of 10-30% by mass, and the remainder in which: a main mineral phase includes one or more of corundum, spinel, and periclase, with periclase content less than 40% by mass; and total content of a silica component and a silicon carbide component less than 15% by mass. When the remainder is defined as 100% by volume, refractory particles having particle size of: greater than 0.3 mm account for 20% by volume or more, and 0.045 mm or less account for 3-30% by volume, with a substantially continuous void layer present around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size among refractory particles in the refractory product. The refractory product has an apparent porosity of 16% or less, and a maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500 C. is 0.6% or less.

Continuous casting apparatus, comprising a mold and a crystallizer for the continuous casting of a metal product. The mold is provided with primary cooling means using a cooling fluid and associated with the walls of the crystallizer. A plurality of cooling members is installed downstream of the mold to perform a secondary cooling of the product, said cooling members comprising a plurality of delivery nozzles configured to deliver a liquid for cooling the product.

Continuous casting apparatus, comprising a mold and a crystallizer for the continuous casting of a metal product. The mold is provided with primary cooling means using a cooling fluid and associated with the walls of the crystallizer. A plurality of cooling members is installed downstream of the mold to perform a secondary cooling of the product, said cooling members comprising a plurality of delivery nozzles configured to deliver a liquid for cooling the product.