A shoe for dispensing a molten metal such as lead into a mold cavity of a rotating drum to continuously cast a web of a plurality of serially connected grids or battery composite electrodes of a carbon fiber material with a cast metal conductor. The shoe may have at least one elongate orifice slot in a face confronting the drum, a molten metal supply passage communicating with the orifice slot and an excess molten metal return slot opening into the confronting face downstream of the supply slot relative generally to the direction of rotation of the drum.

A device for casting electrode grids for producing lead acid batteries in a continuous casting process. The device includes a casting wheel and a casting shoe which rests on an outer circumference of the casting wheel. Liquid lead exiting the casting shoe flows into a concave mold of the casting wheel surface and is removable as a solidified lead strip. The casting shoe is made up of two or more zones, at least a first hot zone with a temperature above the melting point of lead and a second, thermally separated zone with a temperature below the melting point of lead. Cooling the lead strip from two sides (the wheel side and the shoe side) avoids columnar crystal formation and increases the casting speed to 40 meter per minute and above. Thermal isolation of the lead feeding tube avoids re-flowing of lead to a lead pot, reducing PbO formation.

A method of making battery plates of pure lead battery grids for lead-acid battery manufacture is presented. The method has been shown to resolve issues that have long-persisted in the battery manufacture industry involving the use of pure lead material for battery grids. According to an implementation, several processes are performed in succession in order to make pure lead battery grids feasible in commercial and mass production, among them: a continuous casting process to produce battery grids of pure lead material, a compression rolling process of the cast pure lead battery grids, and a battery paste application process to the cast and rolled pure lead battery grids. The pure lead material of the continuous strip of pure lead battery grids can consist of lead (Pb) material in an amount that ranges approximately between 99.85 percent (%) to 99.999% of the overall constituent elements of the pure lead material.

For making battery electrodes, a composite strip of a cast ribbon of an electrically conductive metal attached to and extending along an edge of a web of electrically conductive carbon fiber material, also called a carbon felt in some examples, with a plurality of spaced apart notches cast in the ribbon and opening to an edge of the ribbon spaced from the carbon fiber material. A rotatable drum with a mold cavity and a confronting casting shoe for supplying molten metal, such as liquid lead, to the cavity may be used in a casting machine to continuous cast the composite strip.

For making battery electrodes, a composite strip of a cast ribbon of an electrically conductive metal attached to and extending along an edge of a longitudinally elongate substrate with a plurality of spaced apart notches cast in the ribbon and opening to an edge of the ribbon spaced from the longitudinally elongate substrate. A rotatable drum with a mold cavity and a confronting casting shoe for supplying molten metal, such as liquid lead, to the cavity may be used in a casting machine to continuously cast the composite strip.