Submerged nozzle (1) through which molten steel can be poured from a tundish into a mould, said nozzle comprising: a substantially tubular body (2), extending from a first end (3) to a second end (4); a passageway (5), extending through the tubular body (2) along a longitudinal axis (A) from the first end (3) towards the second end (4); at least one inlet port (6), opening into the passageway (5) at said first end (3); a plurality of outlet ports (8), opening into the passageway (5) in a region (7) adjacent to the second end (4); and at least one rotatable insert (10); whereas the submerged nozzle (1) with the at least one rotatable insert (10) is configured that a molten metal entering the submerged nozzle (1) at the at least one inlet port (6) flows through the passageway (5) and around the rotatable insert (10) and exits the submerged entry nozzle (1) via the plurality of outlet ports (8), such that a rotation of the rotatable insert (10) is driven by the stream of molten metal.

Disclosed herein is a casting cluster for casting a body of a golf club head made of titanium or a titanium alloy. The casting cluster comprises a receptor and a plurality of runners coupled to the receptor and configured to receive molten metal from the receptor. The casting cluster also includes at least twenty-eight main gates. At least two of the main gates are coupled to each of the runners and each main gate is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the plurality of runners. The casting cluster further comprises at least twenty-eight molds. Each mold of the at least twenty-eight molds is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the main gates and to cast a body of a golf club head that has a volume of at least 100 cm.sup.3.

Disclosed herein is a casting cluster for casting a body of a golf club head made of titanium or a titanium alloy. The casting cluster comprises a receptor and a plurality of runners coupled to the receptor and configured to receive molten metal from the receptor. The casting cluster also includes at least twenty-eight main gates. At least two of the main gates are coupled to each of the runners and each main gate is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the plurality of runners. The casting cluster further comprises at least twenty-eight molds. Each mold of the at least twenty-eight molds is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the main gates and to cast a body of a golf club head that has a volume of at least 100 cm.sup.3.

A feeding/distribution device of a continuous casting machine, including an upper shell joined to a lower shell so as to form a chamber which has an inlet and an outlet; the device is installed at casting rolls of the machine in order to feed liquid aluminum or zinc to the casting rolls; the device is characterized in that it is made of composite materials based on carbon, graphite, calcium silicate.

A feeding/distribution device of a continuous casting machine, including an upper shell joined to a lower shell so as to form a chamber which has an inlet and an outlet; the device is installed at casting rolls of the machine in order to feed liquid aluminum or zinc to the casting rolls; the device is characterized in that it is made of composite materials based on carbon, graphite, calcium silicate.

Automated processes and systems dynamically control the delivery rate of molten metal to a mold during a casting process. Such automated processes and systems can include automatically controlling a flow control device (such as a control pin) during a first phase of casting to modulate molten metal flow or flow rate, moving the flow control device in a transition time between the first phase and a second phase toward a substitute flow control device position determined based on a difference between a first projected flow rate of the first phase and a second projected flow rate of the second phase, and resuming automatic control of the flow control device during the second phase based on the detected metal level and the metal level setpoint. Overshoot and/or undershoot can additionally or alternatively be mitigated by translating the mold or altering the cast speed.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a vessel for containing or conveying molten metal therein. At least part of the outer surface of the vessel incorporates a web of metal wires embedded in the surface, the wires being mutually overlaid with openings formed therebetween. The refractory material penetrates into the openings. The web may comprise woven metal wires or non-woven wires or both. The web imparts resistance to cracking (or containment of cracks, once formed) and/or resistance to molten metal leakage if cracks develop. The invention also provides metal containment structures containing such vessels, and methods of producing the same.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a vessel for containing or conveying molten metal therein. At least part of the outer surface of the vessel incorporates a web of metal wires embedded in the surface, the wires being mutually overlaid with openings formed therebetween. The refractory material penetrates into the openings. The web may comprise woven metal wires or non-woven wires or both. The web imparts resistance to cracking (or containment of cracks, once formed) and/or resistance to molten metal leakage if cracks develop. The invention also provides metal containment structures containing such vessels, and methods of producing the same.

A method and apparatus for continuous Near Net Shape casting of a liquid metal (10) into a metal strip are described. The method comprises transferring the liquid metal in a velocity adjusted manner from a headbox (50) a chilled substrate (36), via a meniscus gap (69). The headbox (50) comprising a slot nozzle (68) defined in a bottom portion (66) for the headbox (50) above (36) onto the chilled substrate. The slot nozzle (68) defining a smooth elongated cavity with a slot width (67) and the slot length (65) of the metal strip (34). It has been surprisingly found that the generation of some turbulence at the outlet of the apparatus described herein promotes stable Near Net Shape Continuous Casting. The present method and apparatus increase the level of turbulence in the liquid metal of the outlet nozzle upstream of the chilled substrate (36) to minimize premature metal freezing. In a particularly preferred embodiment the slot nozzle is adjustable.

A method and apparatus for continuous Near Net Shape casting of a liquid metal (10) into a metal strip are described. The method comprises transferring the liquid metal in a velocity adjusted manner from a headbox (50) a chilled substrate (36), via a meniscus gap (69). The headbox (50) comprising a slot nozzle (68) defined in a bottom portion (66) for the headbox (50) above (36) onto the chilled substrate. The slot nozzle (68) defining a smooth elongated cavity with a slot width (67) and the slot length (65) of the metal strip (34). It has been surprisingly found that the generation of some turbulence at the outlet of the apparatus described herein promotes stable Near Net Shape Continuous Casting. The present method and apparatus increase the level of turbulence in the liquid metal of the outlet nozzle upstream of the chilled substrate (36) to minimize premature metal freezing. In a particularly preferred embodiment the slot nozzle is adjustable.