Crystallizer for the continuous high-speed casting of a metal product (P), which has a casting cavity (13) defined by walls (14) connected to each other in correspondence with edges (15) and provided with cooling means (16).

The present invention relates to steel sheet realizing both formability and weldability. The steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that at a surface layer part of a region down to 30 μm from the surface of the steel sheet in the sheet thickness direction, Si oxide grains are present in 3000 to 6000/mm.sup.2 in number density, an average of natural logarithms of the particle sizes of the Si oxide grains measured in μm units is −2.0 to −1.2, the standard error of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes is 0.6 or less, and the number of Si oxide grains with deviations of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes from the average larger than 2 times the standard error is 5% or less of the total number of Si oxide grains and at a position of ½ of the thickness of the steel sheet, the number density of the Si oxide grains is 1000/mm.sup.2 or less.

Provided is a mold flux used for casing a cast slab, the mold flux including, bases on a total wt % of thereof, 32-38 wt % of aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), 8-12 wt % of strontium oxide (SrO), 8-12 wt % of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), 8-12 wt % of fluorine (F), 5-8 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3), 3-5 wt % of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), and inevitable impurities. Thus, according to the mold flux, a change in components due to silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2) and calcium oxide (CaO) may be suppressed or prevented compared to those in the conventional art.

Provided is a mold flux used for casing a cast slab, the mold flux including, bases on a total wt % of thereof, 32-38 wt % of aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), 8-12 wt % of strontium oxide (SrO), 8-12 wt % of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), 8-12 wt % of fluorine (F), 5-8 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3), 3-5 wt % of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), and inevitable impurities. Thus, according to the mold flux, a change in components due to silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2) and calcium oxide (CaO) may be suppressed or prevented compared to those in the conventional art.

A product comprising recycled metal fragments and an alloying supplement, and methods and system for producing same. In some examples, the product comprises a container, shot blasted pieces of aluminum alloy wheels and an alloying supplement. In some examples, the product also comprises an indication on the container of a composition estimate of the combined shot blasted pieces and alloying supplement. In other examples, the indication and/or the alloying supplement may be provided by a company in the business of providing alloying supplements.

A product comprising recycled metal fragments and an alloying supplement, and methods and system for producing same. In some examples, the product comprises a container, shot blasted pieces of aluminum alloy wheels and an alloying supplement. In some examples, the product also comprises an indication on the container of a composition estimate of the combined shot blasted pieces and alloying supplement. In other examples, the indication and/or the alloying supplement may be provided by a company in the business of providing alloying supplements.

A method includes the production of a primary ingot, the production of a secondary ingot, and the removal of a flux layer. A CaO—CaF.sub.2 flux in a content of 3-20 mass % and obtained by mixing 35-95 mass % of CaF.sub.2 with CaO is added to a Ti—Al alloy material including a total of at least 0.1 mass % of oxygen and at least 40 mass % of Al, and the resultant substance is melted by a melting method using a water-cooled copper container in an atmosphere having a pressure of 1.33 Pa or higher and held to produce the primary ingot. The primary ingot is continuously drawn downwards while being melted by a melting method using a bottomless water-cooled copper casting mould in an atmosphere having a pressure of 1.33 Pa or higher to produce the secondary ingot. The flux layer deposited on the surface of the secondary ingot is mechanically removed.

A method includes the production of a primary ingot, the production of a secondary ingot, and the removal of a flux layer. A CaO—CaF.sub.2 flux in a content of 3-20 mass % and obtained by mixing 35-95 mass % of CaF.sub.2 with CaO is added to a Ti—Al alloy material including a total of at least 0.1 mass % of oxygen and at least 40 mass % of Al, and the resultant substance is melted by a melting method using a water-cooled copper container in an atmosphere having a pressure of 1.33 Pa or higher and held to produce the primary ingot. The primary ingot is continuously drawn downwards while being melted by a melting method using a bottomless water-cooled copper casting mould in an atmosphere having a pressure of 1.33 Pa or higher to produce the secondary ingot. The flux layer deposited on the surface of the secondary ingot is mechanically removed.

An apparatus for synchronously melting and preparing alloy, the alloy to be added is made into wire in advance, and the wire feeding speed required for the preparation of the alloy with a specific composition is calculated according to the flow rate of raw molten aluminum in the launder. In the continuous ingot casting process, the wire is continuously and stably fed into the launder of the raw molten aluminum at the wire feeding speed, and the alloy preparation is formed in real time, which is able to avoid specific gravity segregation caused by the long-term standing of melt, and realize the preparation of gradient materials while significantly improving the alloying efficiency. The present disclosure also relates to a method for synchronously melting and preparing alloy.

Compositions, structures and methods are described that improve fire retardant characteristics of various material, and which can be used for protecting structures, devices, or components therein. In one example, a mixture suitable for imparting heat or cold blocking properties to an object is produced. The mixture includes a catalyst comprising particles that are 8 microns or less in diameter, a charring agent comprising particles that are 8 microns or less in diameter, and a blowing agent comprising particles that are 8 microns or less in diameter. The catalyst, the charring agent and the blowing agent are mixed together in equal portions by weight to produce the mixture suitable for imparting heat or cold blocking properties to an object.