A method of controlling molten metal flow and an electromagnetic brake system for a metal-making process, including: a first magnetic core arrangement having a first and second long sides with N.sub.c teeth, and arranged to be mounted to opposite longitudinal sides of an upper portion of a mould, a first set of coils, each being wound around a respective tooth of the first magnetic core arrangement, and N.sub.p power converters, with N.sub.p being an integer that is at least two and N.sub.c is an integer that is at least four and evenly divisible with N.sub.p, wherein each power converter is configured to feed a DC current to its respective group of 2N.sub.c/N.sub.p series-connected coils.

Provided is a steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition and structure wherein (Fe, Mn).sub.2 B precipitates having a circle equivalent diameter of 50 to 300 nm are present in a number density of 1/500 μm.sup.2 or more in a surface layer region down to a depth of 100 μm from the surface in the sheet thickness direction. Further, provided is a method for producing a steel sheet comprising continuously casting a molten steel having a predetermined chemical composition to form a steel slab, wherein the continuously casting includes introducing more than 10 ppm and less than 100 ppm of oxygen into the surface layer of the steel slab, hot rolling including finish rolling the steel slab, wherein a completion temperature of the finish rolling is 650 to 950° C., coiling the obtained hot rolled steel sheet at a coiling temperature of 400 to 700° C., and cold rolling the hot rolled steel sheet, then annealing it.

Provided is a steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition and structure wherein (Fe, Mn).sub.2 B precipitates having a circle equivalent diameter of 50 to 300 nm are present in a number density of 1/500 μm.sup.2 or more in a surface layer region down to a depth of 100 μm from the surface in the sheet thickness direction. Further, provided is a method for producing a steel sheet comprising continuously casting a molten steel having a predetermined chemical composition to form a steel slab, wherein the continuously casting includes introducing more than 10 ppm and less than 100 ppm of oxygen into the surface layer of the steel slab, hot rolling including finish rolling the steel slab, wherein a completion temperature of the finish rolling is 650 to 950° C., coiling the obtained hot rolled steel sheet at a coiling temperature of 400 to 700° C., and cold rolling the hot rolled steel sheet, then annealing it.

The present invention relates to steel sheet realizing both formability and weldability. The steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that at a surface layer part of a region down to 30 μm from the surface of the steel sheet in the sheet thickness direction, Al oxide grains are present in 3000 to 6000/mm.sup.2 in number density, the natural logarithms of the particle sizes of the Al oxide grains measured in μm units are on the average −5.0 to −3.5, the standard error is 0.6 or less, and the number of Al oxide grains with deviations of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes from the average larger than 2 times the standard error is 5% or less of the total number of Al oxide grains and at a position of ½ of the thickness of the steel sheet, the number density of the Al oxide grains is 1000/mm.sup.2 or less.

The present invention relates to steel sheet realizing both formability and weldability. The steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that at a surface layer part of a region down to 30 μm from the surface of the steel sheet in the sheet thickness direction, Si oxide grains are present in 3000 to 6000/mm.sup.2 in number density, an average of natural logarithms of the particle sizes of the Si oxide grains measured in m units is −2.0 to −1.2, the standard error of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes is 0.6 or less, and the number of Si oxide grains with deviations of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes from the average larger than 2 times the standard error is 5% or less of the total number of Si oxide grains and at a position of ½ of the thickness of the steel sheet, the number density of the Si oxide grains is 1000/mm.sup.2 or less.

The present invention relates to steel sheet realizing both formability and weldability. The steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that at a surface layer part of a region down to 30 μm from the surface of the steel sheet in the sheet thickness direction, Si oxide grains are present in 3000 to 6000/mm.sup.2 in number density, an average of natural logarithms of the particle sizes of the Si oxide grains measured in μm units is −2.0 to −1.2, the standard error of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes is 0.6 or less, and the number of Si oxide grains with deviations of the natural logarithms of the particle sizes from the average larger than 2 times the standard error is 5% or less of the total number of Si oxide grains and at a position of ½ of the thickness of the steel sheet, the number density of the Si oxide grains is 1000/mm.sup.2 or less.

A method and apparatus used to achieve alignment during mold assembly and accommodate thermal expansion comprising employing a compressible region and a modified interface dimension.

This mold equipment is mold equipment provided with a mold, an electromagnetic brake device, and a control device. An immersion nozzle is provided with a pair of discharge holes of molten metal, the electromagnetic brake device is provided with an iron core including a pair of teeth and coils wound around the respective teeth, the coils on one side are connected in series in a first circuit, the coils on the other side are connected in series in a second circuit, and the control device is able to independently control voltage and current applied to each of the first and second circuits for each circuit, detects a drift of a discharge flow between the pair of discharge holes on the basis of the voltage applied to the coils in the first circuit and the voltage applied to the coils in the second circuit, and controls the current flowing through the first circuit and the current flowing through the second circuit on the basis of a detection result.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal ingot by continuous casting, comprising the following steps: S1: melting the metal, S2: transferring the liquid metal (2) by pouring it into a crucible (12), S3: moving the base plate (14) of the crucible (12), S4: progressive solidification of the liquid metal (2) from the base plate (14) of the crucible (12), and S5: during the step S3 of moving the base plate (14), applying a compression force to the metal (3) which is present between the base plate (14) and the side wall (13), the compression force being applied along a second axis (X2) parallel to the first axis (X1) so as to deform the metal and to obtain an ingot (3) which has a smaller width (L2).

An unfired, refractory molded body (1), includes a binding agent matrix (2) containing at least one set, permanent binding material and aggregate grains (3) with and/or of biogenic silicic acid, preferably with and/or of rice husk ash, which grains are incorporated into the binding agent matrix (2), for thermal isolation of a molten metal, especially of molten steel, and/or of a metal ingot solidifying from the molten metal, and also the use of the molded body (1) for thermal isolation of a refractory lining, in particular in a multiple-layer brick wall or in a heat-treatment furnace, or as a corrosion barrier, e.g. against alkali attack, or as a fire protection lining or as filter material for hot gases.