A steel sheet having a specified chemical composition and a tensile strength of 1,320 MPa or more, and methods for producing the steel sheet. The steel sheet has a specified microstructure including martensite and bainite, the total area fraction of the martensite and the bainite being 92% or more and 100% or less, the balance being one or more selected from ferrite and retained austenite. The forumulae [%Ti]+[%Nb]>0.007 and [%Ti]×[%Nb].sup.2≤7.5×10.sup.−6 are satisfied in the chemical composition.

A method to determine the crater end location of a cast metal product during its casting, the crater end location being the location at which the cast metal product becomes fully solidified. A continuous casting method and a continuous casting machine are also provided.

A method to determine the crater end location of a cast metal product during its casting, the crater end location being the location at which the cast metal product becomes fully solidified. A continuous casting method and a continuous casting machine are also provided.

The invention relates to a cooling system for a mould, in particular a mould for vertical continuous casting, comprising at least one cooling unit (11), wherein the mould has a running surface (10) with an inner side and an outer side and the inner side of the running surface (10a) limits a continuous casting during operation, wherein the cooling unit (11) is designed to be moveably arranged on the mould and the cooling unit (11) has an adjusting element (13), wherein the cooling unit (11) is arranged on the mould in such a way that a gap (12) is formed between the cooling unit (11) and the outer side of the running surface (10) and the width of the gap (12) can be adjusted by the adjusting element (13).

The invention relates to a cooling system for a mould, in particular a mould for vertical continuous casting, comprising at least one cooling unit (11), wherein the mould has a running surface (10) with an inner side and an outer side and the inner side of the running surface (10a) limits a continuous casting during operation, wherein the cooling unit (11) is designed to be moveably arranged on the mould and the cooling unit (11) has an adjusting element (13), wherein the cooling unit (11) is arranged on the mould in such a way that a gap (12) is formed between the cooling unit (11) and the outer side of the running surface (10) and the width of the gap (12) can be adjusted by the adjusting element (13).

A method for improving center segregation and surface crack of continuous casting medium-thick slab of peritectic steel reduces the cooling intensity at the earlier stage of solidification and enhancing the cooling intensity at the final stage of solidification. For example, the cooling water amount of the wide face of the mould is 3400-3600 L/min, and the cooling water amount of the narrow face of the mould is 480-530 L/min. The cooling water amount of the wide face of the foot roller section is 239-298 L/min, and the cooling water amount of the narrow face of the foot roller section is 61-65 L/min. The total cooling water amount of the sector segment is 1517-2166 L/min.

A coolant nozzle (1) for cooling a metal strand in a continuous casting installation has a mouthpiece (5), which is arranged at a nozzle outlet end (4) and through which liquid coolant (6) can emerge from the coolant nozzle (1). To allow a rapid buildup of pressure at the coolant nozzle (1), it provides a feed (8), which is formed as a tube-in-tube system (9) arranged upstream of the mouthpiece (5) in the direction of through-flow (7) and has a feed outlet end (10), through the first tube (11) in which control air (13) can be brought up to the feed outlet end (10) and through the second tube (12) of which the liquid coolant (6) can be fed to the mouthpiece (5) by way of the feed outlet end (10), and also provides a control valve (14), which is integrated in the feed (8), is arranged at the feed outlet end (10), can be actuated pneumatically by using the control air (13) and is intended for controlling the feed of the liquid coolant (6) into the mouthpiece (5).

A production apparatus for short-process metal composite plate manufacturing, comprising a metal supply device including an uncoiler (1), pinch roll (2), shot blasting machine (3), welding device (4), welding pinch roll (5), induction heating apparatus (6), metal delivery machine (7), two crystallization cooling rolls (8), secondary cooling leveling roll (9), rolling mill pinch roll (10), rolling mill (11), on-line cooling apparatus (12), straightener (13), and at least one of a dividing shear (14) and a recoiling machine (15). Also disclosed is a production method for short-process metal composite plate manufacturing. The apparatus and method combine continuous casting, rolling, and heat-treating means for single material production with continuous and large-scale production of composite plate strips, and production efficiency of composite plates is sharply improved. Single-sided or double-sided composite plate production having different thickness specifications can be performed, the optional range of a base layer or cladding material is wide.

A caster assembly configured to process and store a material includes a reaction chamber, a storage assembly configured to store material processed in the reaction chamber, and a blower configured to process and store the material. The reaction chamber includes a vessel configured to hold the material in a melted state prior to processing and a powder generating assembly configured to receive the material from the melting vessel. The powder generating assembly includes a feeding chamber and a feeding device disposed at least partially within the feeding chamber. The feeding device includes at least one nozzle configured to inject inert fluid, where the fluid is a gas, liquid, or combination of the two into the feeding chamber and a material inlet through which the material is configured to flow into the feeding chamber to be exposed to the inert fluid, where the fluid is a gas, liquid, or combination of the two.

A caster assembly configured to process and store a material includes a reaction chamber, a storage assembly configured to store material processed in the reaction chamber, and a blower configured to process and store the material. The reaction chamber includes a vessel configured to hold the material in a melted state prior to processing and a powder generating assembly configured to receive the material from the melting vessel. The powder generating assembly includes a feeding chamber and a feeding device disposed at least partially within the feeding chamber. The feeding device includes at least one nozzle configured to inject inert fluid, where the fluid is a gas, liquid, or combination of the two into the feeding chamber and a material inlet through which the material is configured to flow into the feeding chamber to be exposed to the inert fluid, where the fluid is a gas, liquid, or combination of the two.